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Med Term-Rice Chap 6
Medical Terminology Ivy Tech Jane Rice Chapter 6 Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amount of bones in skeletal system | 206 bones |
| axial skeleton | consists of 80 bones (skull, spine, ribs, and sternum) |
| appendicular skeleton | consists of 126 bones (shoulder girdle, arms and hands, pelvis girdle, legs and feet) |
| bones | primary organs composed of 50% water and 50% solid matter |
| Flat | Ribs, scapula, parts of the pelvice girdle, bones of the skull |
| Long | Tibia (shin bone) femur (thigh bone), humerus, radius) |
| Short | carpals, tarsals |
| Irregular | Vertebrae, ossicles of the ear |
| Sesamoid | Patella (kneecap) |
| Sutural or Wormian | Between the flat bones of the skull |
| Hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells |
| Epiphysis | ends of developing bone |
| Diaphysis | shaft of long bone |
| Periosteum | membrane that forms the covering of bones except at their articular surfaces |
| compact bone | dense, hard layer of bone tissue |
| Medullary canal | a narrow space or cavity throughout the length of the diaphysis |
| Endosteum | tought, connective tissue membrane lining the medullary canal and containing the bone marrow |
| Cancellous or spongy bone | reticular tissue that make up most of the volume of bone |
| Condyle | rounded projection that enters into the formation of a joint, articulation |
| crest | ridge on a bone |
| Fissure | slitlike opening between two bones |
| Foramen | opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments, and nerves |
| Fossa | Shallow depression in or on a bone |
| Head | rounded end of a bone |
| meatus | tube like passage or canal |
| process | enlargement or protrusion of a bone |
| Sinus | Air cavity within certain bones |
| Spine | pointed, sharp, slender process |
| Sulcus | Groove, furrow, depression, or fissure |
| Trochanter | Either of the two bony projections below the neck of the femur |
| tubercle | small, rounded process |
| tuberosity | large, rounded process |
| joint | an articulation, a place where two or more bones connect |
| Synarthrosis | does not permit movement, bones are in close contact with each other ( ex: cranial suture) |
| Amphiarthrosis | permits very slight movement (ex: vertebra) |
| Diarthrosis | allows free movement in a variety of directions (ex: knee, hip, elbow, wrist and foot) |
| abduction | moving body part away from the middle |
| Adduction | moving body part toward the middle |
| circumduction | moving body part in a circular motion |
| dorsiflexion | bending a body part backward |
| eversion | turning outward |
| extension | straightening a flexed limb |
| flexion | bending a limb |
| inversion | turning inward |
| pronation | lying prone (face downward); also turning the palm downward |
| protraction | moving a body part forward |
| retraction | moving a body part backward |
| rotation | moving a body part around a central axis |
| supination | lying supine (face upward); also turning the palm upward |
| vertebral column | composed of a series of separate bones (vertebrae) |
| cervical vertebrae curve | first 7 vertebrae |
| thoracic vertebrae curve | second; set of 12 vertabrae |
| lumbar vertebrae curve | third; set of 5 vertabrae |
| sacral vertebrae curve | consists of the sacrum and coccyx (tailbone) |
| pelvis | lower portion of the trunk of the body |
| male pelvis (android) | shaped like a funnel, stronger and heavier than female pelvis |
| female pelvis (gynecoid) | shaped like a basin, constructed to accommodate the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| endochondral ossification | process in which bones are formed |
| epiphyseal plate | center for longitudinal bone growth in children |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone mass, often seen in older women and men |
| acetabul | acetabulum, hip socket |
| -um | structure, tissue |
| a- | without |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| -plasia | formation |
| acr/o | extremity |
| arthr | joine |
| -itis | inflammation |
| acr | extremity |
| -omion | shoulder |
| ankyl | stiffening, crooked |
| -osis | condition (usually abnormal) |
| arth | joint |
| -algia | pain |
| arthr | joint |
| -itis | inflammation |
| arthr/o | joint |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| arthr/o | joint |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| arthr/o | joint |
| -scope | instrument for examining |
| bone marrow transplant | surgical process of transferring bone marrow from one person to another |
| bursa | padlike sac between muscles, tendons and bones |
| burs | a pouch |
| -itis | inflammation |
| bursitis | imflammation of the bursa |
| calcan/e | heel bone |
| -al | pertaining to |
| calcaneal | pertaining to the heel bone |
| calcium | mineral that is essential for bone strength |
| carp | wrist |
| -al | pertaining to |
| carpal | pertaining to the wrist |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | condition caused by compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament |
| cartil | gristle |
| -age | related to |
| carilage | specialized type of firbous connnective tissue found at ends of bone |
| cast | type of material; used to immobilize a fractured bone, dislocation, or a sprain |
| chondro | cartilage |
| -al | pertaining to |
| chondral | pertaining to cartilage |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| cost | rib |
| -al | pertaining to |
| chondrocostal | pertaining to rib cartilage |
| clavicul | clavicle, collor bone |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| clavicular | pertaining to clavicle (collar bone) |
| coccyg/e | coccyx, tailbone |
| -al | pertaining to |
| coccygeal | pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone) |
| coll/a | glue |
| -gen | formation; produce |
| collagen | fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments and cartilage |
| coccyg/o | coccyx, tailbone |
| -dynia | pain |
| connect | to bind together |
| -ive | nature of |
| cost | rib |
| -al | pertaining to |
| costal | pertaining to the rib |
| cost/o | rib |
| stern | sternum |
| -al | pertaining to |
| costosternal | pertaining to a rib and the sternum |
| crani/(o) | skull |
| -ectomy | surgical excision |
| craniectomy | surgical excision of a portion of the skull |
| crani/o | skull |
| -tomy | incision |
| craniotomy | incision into the skull |
| dactyl/o | finger or toe |
| -gram | makr, record |
| dis- | apart |
| locat | to place |
| -ion | process |
| dislocation | displacement of a bone from a joint |
| femor | femur |
| -al | pertaining to |
| fibul | fibula |
| fixat | fastened |
| -ion | process |
| flatfoot | abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot |
| genu valgum | knock knee |
| genu varum | bowleg |
| gout | herediatary metabolic disease |
| hallux | big or great toe |
| hammertoe | acquired flexion deformity of the interphalgeal join |
| humer | humerus |
| -al | pertaining to |
| hydr- | water |
| arthr | joint |
| -osis | condition (usually abnormal) |
| ili | ilium |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| ili/o | ilium |
| sacr | sacrum |
| inter | between |
| cost | rib |
| isch/i | ischium, hip |
| -algia | pain |
| kyph | a hump |
| -osis | condition (usually abnormal) |
| kyphosis | Humpback |
| lamin | lamina (thin plate) |
| -ectomy | surgical excision |
| lord | bending, curve, swayback |
| lumb | loin, lower back |
| lumb/o | loin, lower back |
| mandibul | lower jawbone |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| maxill | jawbone |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| mandibular | pertaining to lower jawbone |
| maxillary | pertaining to the upper jawbone |
| menisc | crescent |
| -us | structure |
| meta- | beyone |
| carp | wrist |
| myel | bone marrow |
| -poiesis | formation |
| olecran | elbow |
| orthopedics | branch of medicine conerned with diseases and disorders |
| orthopedist | physician who specializes in orthropedics |
| oste/o | bone |
| arthr | joint |
| carcin | cancer |
| -malacia | softening |
| oste/o | bone |
| myel | bone marrow |
| -penia | deficiency |
| oste/o | bone |
| por | a passage |
| -osis | condition |
| sarc | flesh |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| patell | kneecap |
| ped | foot |
| peri- | around |
| oste/o | bone |
| -edema | swelling |
| phalang/e | phalanges (finger/toe bones) |
| phos | light |
| phor | carrying |
| -us | pertaining to |
| poly- | many, much |
| rach/i | spine |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| rad/i | radius |
| radi/o | x-ray |
| re- | back |
| duct | to lead |
| rheumat | discharge |
| -oid | resemble |
| rickets | deficiency condition in children primarly; caused by lack of vitamin D |
| scapul | shoulder blade |
| scoli | curvature |
| spin | spine |
| splint | appliance used for fixation, support, and rest of an injured body part |
| sondyl | vertebra |
| sprain | twisting a joint that causes pain and disability |
| spur | sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone |
| stern | sternum, breastbone |
| stern/o | sternum |
| sub- | under, beneath |
| clavicul | clavicle, collar bone |
| sym- | together |
| -physis | growth |
| tendon | tendon |
| tibi | tibia |
| tract | to draw |
| uln | ulna, elbow |
| uln/o | ulna, elbow |
| carp | wrist |
| vertebr | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| stern | sternum |
| xiph | sword |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| lordosis | abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback) |
| kyphosis | humpback |
| arthritis | disease that involves the inflammation of one or more joins |
| osteoarthritis | most common type of arthritis in US. often resuslts from years of "wear and tear" |
| fractures | classified according the their external appearance, site of fracture and nature of the crack or break |
| closed or simple fracture | completely internal; does not involve break of skin |
| open or compound fracture | projects through the skin and possibility of infection or hemmorrhage |
| comminuted fracture | shatter the affected part into a multitue of bony fragments |
| transverse fracture | break the shaft of the bone across its longitudinal axis |
| greenstick fracture | usually occur in children whose longs bone have not fully ossified; only one side of the shaft is broken, other side is bent |
| spiral fracture | produced by twisting stresses are spread along the bone |
| colles' fracture | often result of reaching out to cushion fall; break in the distal portion of the radius |
| pott's fracture | occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of lower leg (fibula and tibita_ |
| compression fracture | occur in vertebrae sujected to extreme stress, when one falls and lands on his or her bottom |
| epiphyseal fracture | occur where the matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are dying |
Created by:
aharger1
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