Chap. 2 Terms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| VENTRAL | THE BELLY OR UNDERSIDE OF A BODY OR BODY PART
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| DORSAL | REFERS TO THE BACK (A DORSAL FIN IS ON THE BACK)
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| CRANIAL | TOWARDS THE HEAD
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| CAUDAL | TOWARDS THE TAIL
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| ANTERIOR | MEANS FRONT OF THE BODY
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| POSTERIOR | MEANS REAR OF THE BODY
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| ROSTRAL | TOWARDS THE NOSE
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| CEPHALIC | PERTAINING TO THE HEAD
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| MEDIAL | TOWARDS THE MIDLINE
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| LATERAL | AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE
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| SUPERIOR | UPPERMOST, ABOVE
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| INFERIOR | LOWERMOST, BELOW
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| PROXIMAL | NEAREST THE MIDLINE OR NEAREST THE BEGINNING OF THE STRUCTURE
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| DISTAL | FARTHEST FROM THE MIDLINE OR FARTHEST FROM THE BEGINNING OF A STRUCTURE
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| SUPERFICIAL | NEAR THE SURFACE (ALSO CALLED EXTERNAL)
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| DEEP | BENEATH THE SURFACE
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| PALMAR | THE CAUDAL SURFACE OF THE FRONT PAW (THE PALM)
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| PLANTAR | THE CAUDAL SURFACE OF THE BACK PAW (THE SOLE)
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| MIDSAGITTAL PLANE (ALSO CALLED MEDIAN PLANE AND MIDLINE) | THE PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL
R&L HALVES
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| SAGITTAL PLANE | THE PLANE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO UNEQUAL R&L PARTS
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| DORSAL PLANE | DIVIDES THE BODY INTO DORSAL(BACK) AND VENTRAL(FRONT) PLANES
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| TRANSVERSE PLANE | DIVIDES THE BODY INTO CRANIAL AND CAUDAL PARTS
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| -LOGY | SUFFIX MEANING THE STUDY OF
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| ANATOMY | STUDY OF BODY STRUCTURE
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| PHYSIOLOGY | STUDY OF BODY FUNCTION
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| PATHOLOGY | STUDY OF ABNORMAL CONDITIONS (DISEASE)
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| ETIOLOGY | THE STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF DISEASE
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| BODY CAVITY | A HOLE OR HOLLOW SPACE IN THE BODY THAT CONTAINS ORGANS
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| CRANIAL CAVITY | CONTAINS THE BRAIN
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| SPINAL CAVITY | CONTAINS THE SPINAL CORD WITHIN THE SPINAL COLUMN
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| THORACIC CAVITY | CONTAINS HEART,LUNGS, RIBS
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| ABDOMINAL CAVITY (ALSO CALLED PERITONEAL CAVITY) | CONTAINS ORGANS FOR DIGESTION
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| PELVIC CAVITY | CONTAINS REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS & SOME EXCRETORY ORGANS
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| RECUMBANT | MEDICAL TERM FOR LYING DOWN
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| DORSAL RECUMBANCY (also called supine) | LYING ON THE BACK
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| VENTRAL RECUMBANCY (also called sternal or prone position) | LYING ON THE BELLY (STERNAL RECUMBANCY)
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| what is the dental arcade? | how the teeth are arranged in the mouth
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| aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue | lingual surface
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| what is the maxilla | upper jaw
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| what is the mandible | lower jaw
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| which aspect of the toothfaces the cheek? | buccal surface
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| what are the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew | occlusal surface
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| left lateral recumbancy | animal is lying down on its left side
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| right lateral recumbancy | animal is lying down on its right side
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| what is adduction | movement toward the midline
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| what is abduction | movement away from the midline
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| what is flexion | reducing of the angle between 2 bones
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| what is extension | straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between 2 bones
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| combining form for cell | cyt/o
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| cytology | the study of cells
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| -PLASM | suffix for formative material of cells
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| genetic | pertains to genes
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| genetic disorder | any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes
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| congenital | something that is present at birth
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| congenital defect | something faulty that is present at birth
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| anomaly | deviation from normal
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| better word to use than defect is? | anomaly
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| study of tissue is called | histology
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| adip/o | combining form for fat
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| anaplasia | a change in the structure of cells and their orienttion to each other
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| aplasia | lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
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| dysplasia | abnormal growth or development of an organ/tissue/cell
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| hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells
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| hypoplasia | incomplete or less than normal development of an organ/tissue/cell
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| neoplasia | any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive
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| benign tumor | not recurring
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| malignant tumor | tending to spread & be life threatening
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| -oma | suffix meaning tumor or neoplasm
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| atrophy | decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ/tissue or cell
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| dystrophy | defective growth in the size of an organ/tissue/cell
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| hypertrophy | increase in the size of an organ/tissue/cell
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| aden/o | combining form for gland
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| exocrine glands | secrete their chemicals into ducts that lead to of the body or to other organs
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| endocrine glands | secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream
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| oste/o oss/e oss/i | combining form for bones
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| arthr/o | combining form for joints
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| chondr/o | combining form for cartilage
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| my/o | combining form for muscles
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| fasc/i or fasci/o | combining form for fascia
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| ten/o or tend/o or tendin/o | combining form for tendons
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| cardi/o | combining form for heart
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| arteri/o | combining form for arteries
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| ven/o or phleb/o | combining form for veins
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| hem/o or hemat/o | combining form for blood
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| lymph/o | combining form for lymph vessels, lymph fluid and lymph nodes
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| tonsill/o | combining form for tonsils
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| splen/o | combining form for spleen
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| thym/o | combining form for thymus
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| nas/o or rhin/o | combining form for nose
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| pharyng/o | combining form for pharynx
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| trache/o | combining form for trachea
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| laryng/o | combining form for larynx
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| pneum/o or pneumon/o | combining form for lungs
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| or/o or stomat/o | combining form for mouth
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| esophag/o | combining form for esophagus
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| gastr/o | combining form for stomach
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| enter/o | combining form for small intestines
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| col/o or colon/o | combining form for large intestines
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| hepat/o | combining form for liver
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| pancreat/o | combining form for pancreas
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| ren/o or nephr/o | combining form for kidneys
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| ureter/o | combining form for ureters
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| cyst/o | combining form for bladder
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| urethro/o | combining form for urethra
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| neur/o or neur/i | combining form for nerves
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| myel/o | combining form for spinal cord
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| ophthalm/o or ocul/o | combining form for eyes
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| optic/o | combining form for sight
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| ot/o or aur/i or aur/o or audit/o or aud/i | combining form for ears
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| acoustic/o | combining form for sound
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| dermat/o or dermo/o or cutane/o | combining form for skin
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| adren/o | combining form foradrenals
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| gonad/o | combining form for gonads
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| pineal/o | combining form for pineal
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| pituit/o | combining form for pituitary
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| thyroid/o or thyr/o | combining form for thyroid
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| orch/o or orchi/o or orchid/o or testicul/o | combining form for testicles
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| ovari/o or oophor/o | combining form for ovaries
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| hyster/o or metr/o or metr/i or metri/o or uter/o | combining form for uterus
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| prefixes for 1 | uni- or mono-
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| prefixes for 2 | duo- , bi- , dyo-
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| prefix for 3 | tri-
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| prefixes for 4 | quadri- , quadro- , tetra-
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| prefixes for 5 | quint- , pent- , penta-
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| prefixes for 6 | sex- , hex- , hexa-
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| prefixes for 7 | sept- , septi- , hept- , hepta-
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| prefixes for 8 | octo- , oct- , octa-
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| prefixes for 9 | novem- , ennea-
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| prefixes for 10 | deca- , decem- , dek- , deka-
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