Med Neuro Lect2 Neuronal Mechanisms Part 1
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| show | surrounds the nueron, contains:
1.fibers.
2.Dendrites.
3.Lots of BV.
**Doesn't show up well on a Nissl Stain.
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| show | YES
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| What structures are stained jet black by the Golgi stain | show 🗑
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| show | Guide proteins once they are properly folded and translated.
**Very important in neurons due to the high level of protein folding, trafficking, and packaging occuring.
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| What happens to protein aggregates that are mis-folded or start to build up within the cell? | show 🗑
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| 2 main types of Deposition diseases? (give example of each) | show 🗑
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| show | Found in growing tips and dendritic spines. Involved in movement.
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| show | Found in axons, dendrites, and the soma. Involved in transporting and organizing.
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| show | NOOO, they don't divide and therefore do not form spindle apparatuses.
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| Where will you find Intermediate filaments? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Tubulins.
2.MAPs (create hooks on microtubules allowing them to interact).
3.MMPs (Kinesin & Dynein which are motor proteins mediating transport).
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| show | 1.Retrograde: Uses DYNEIN to move from the synaptic terminal to the cell body.
2.Anterograde: Uses Kinesin to move from the cell body to the synaptic terminal.
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| How can viruses infiltrate neurons? | show 🗑
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| Slow Axonal transport | show 🗑
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| Fast Axonal transport | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Plaques: Build up of amyloid protein.
2.Tangles: Build up of Tau proteins.
**1&2 cause cell death and brain atrophy bc they tie up cytoskeleton of the cell.
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| What occurs in a cytoskeletal disease | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Oxidative Phosphorylation.
2.Decomposition of glucose to CO2 & H2O.
3.Energy is used to form NADH & ATP.
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| 3 main areas of high concentrations of mitochondria & metabolism within the neuron | show 🗑
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| show | During high cellular [Ca+] levels, Mitochondria can absorb excess Ca to prevent extreme excitation (Excitotoxicity) within the neuron.
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| What happens if the Mitochondria is unable to effectively buffer high Ca levels? | show 🗑
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| Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (MPT) Pores | show 🗑
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| What diseases would you see permanent openings of MPT pores? | show 🗑
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| What are the only 2 locations of Adult neurogenesis in the CNS? | show 🗑
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| What occurs at dendritic spines? | show 🗑
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| What determines the way a neuronal cell works? | show 🗑
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| show | Found in the cerebellar cortex: Elaborate dendritic tree with a flat domain.
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| show | Found in the Cerebral cortex. Has a spine studed apical dendrite & lots of basal dendrites.
**Apical dendrite can extend across multiple layers which can then integrate all that info.
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| show | YES. Myelinated or non-myelinated, they are still wrapped in something.
**Myelin covers K+ channels which leads to a stronger depolarization at the nodes of Rhanvier
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| Are axons tapering or non-tapering? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Type I (Projection neurons): travel a longer distance to somewhere other than the brain.
2.Type II (local, circuit, interneurons): stay within the brain and CNS.
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| Is size of the axon related to it's conduction velocity? | show 🗑
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| show | Seen in dendrites b/c they are tapering. it is the degradation of a signal b/c it is not self propagating.
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| show | Cluster of like minded neurons in the brain that project their axons to another nucleus elsewhere
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| Topography | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Axosomatic (synapsing onto a neuronal soma).
2.Axodendritic Shaft synapse.
3.Axodendritic Spine synapse.
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| Are all neurotransmitters produced in the soma and moved to the axon terminal via anterograde movement? | show 🗑
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| What is responsible for opening V-gated Ca+ channels in the axon terminal and thus vesicular movement? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Docking (moving vesicle to pre-syp mem).
2.Priming (Adding ATP).
3.Fusion/Exocytosis (Ca influx hydrolyzes ATP).
4.Endocytosis (brings in some extracellular fluid which could contain viruses).
5.Recycling.
**SNARE proteins involved in 1 & 2.
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| show | Neuromuscular junctions. That extracellular fluid is exposed to body fluid so viral uptake is more likely.
**Polio
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| 2 main types of post-synaptic receptors | show 🗑
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| Which post-synaptic receptor has the more powerful effect? | show 🗑
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| Specific Dopamine receptors and their effects? | show 🗑
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| Are Glial cells involved in the re-uptake of neurotransmitter? | show 🗑
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