Intro to Anatomy and Physiology
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| What is Anatomy? | Deals with the form and structure of the body and its parts
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| What is Physiology? | Deals with the functions of the body and its parts
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| What are the Main Body Systems? | Skeletal, Integumentary, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Muscular, Sensory, Endocrine, Reproductive, Urinary
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| What does the Skeletal system consist of? | Bones and Joints
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| What does the Integumentary system consist of? | Skin, Hair, Nails, and Hooves
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| What does the Nervous system consist of? | Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
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| What does the Cardiovascular system consist of? | Heart and Blood Vessels
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| What does the Respiratory system consist of? | Lungs and Air Passages
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| What does the Digestive system consist of? | Gastrointestinal tube and accessory digestive organs
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| What does the Muscle system consist of? | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
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| What does the Sensory system consist of? | organs of general and special sense
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| What does the Endocrine system consist of? | endocrine glands and hormones
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| What does the Urinary system consist of? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
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| What does the Reproductive system consist of? | male and female reproductive structures
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| Sagittal Plane | divides the body into right and left halves, not necessarily equal
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| Median Plane | a sagittal plane that divided the body into equal right and left halves
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| Transverse Plane | divides the body into cranial and caudal halves, not necessarily equal
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| Dorsal Plane | divides the body into ventral and dorsal halves, not necessarily equal, aka frontal plane in humans
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| Cranial | toward the head
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| Rostral | toward the tip of the nose, used for the head only, everything else is cranial
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| Caudal | toward the tail
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| Dorsal | toward the back
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| Ventral | toward the belly
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| Medial | toward the median plane, middle of the body
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| Lateral | away from the median plane
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| Deep | internal, toward the center, inside the body
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| Superficial | external, toward the surface, outside of the body
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| Proximal | toward the body, on extremities its closer to the point of origin
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| Distal | away from the body, on extremities its further from the point of origin
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| What is the Palmer surface? | "back" of FORElimb distal to CARPUS, "front" is considered dorsal below carpus
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| What is the Plantar surface? | "back" of HINDlimb distal to TARSUS, "front" is considered dorsal below tarsus
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| What is Bilateral Symmetry? | The left and right halves of an animal are essentially mirrors of each other
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| What does the dorsal body cavity consist of? | the cranium and spinal cord
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| What does the ventral body cavity consist of? | the cranial thoracic cavity and the caudal abdominal cavity (chest and abdomen)
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| What is the Pleura and its two layers? | Thin membrane that covers all the organs in the thoracic cavity, the visceral pleura covers the organs themselves and the parietal pleura lines the whole thoracic cavity
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| What is Pleuritis/Pleurisy? | The pleural surfaces become thickened and rough due to inflammation and scrape over each other causing very painful breathing
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| What is the Peritoneum and its two layers? | Thin membrane that covers the abdominal organs, the visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal organs and the parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity, these two layers glide over each other smoothly due to peritoneul fluid between them
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| What is Peritonitis and what causes it? | Inflammation of the peritoneum, very painful and usually results from a wound penetrating the abdomen or a perforation or rupture of the GI tract
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| What are Cells? | The basic functional units of life in an animal-the smallest subdivisions of the body that are capable of life
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| What are Tissues? | Specialized cells grouped together
When specialized cells group together they form tissues.
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| What are the 4 types of tissue: | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
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| What are Organs? | Made up of a group of tissues that work together for common purposes
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| What are Systems? | Groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities like the digestive system
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| Describe Health | A state of normal anatomy and physiology, when the structures or functions of the body become abnormal, disease results
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| Describe Homeostasis | The maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body, maintaining balance in the various structures, functions, and properties of the body
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| What is Epithelial Tissue composed of and what does it do? | composed entirely of cells and covers and lines body surfaces and cavities, and forms glands
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| What does Connective Tissue do and what are the 4 kinds of it? | holds the body together and gives it support; adipose, blood, bone and cartilage
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| What does Muscle Tissue do and what types are there? | moves the body, skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle exists
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| What does Nervous Tissue do? | transmits information around the body and controls body functions
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