Stack #81110
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| musculoskeletal system | bones muscles and joints
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| The adult skeleton has how many bones | 206
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| Adult skeleton are grouped into two divisions | Axial appendicular
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| Appendicular | 126 bones
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| Axial | 80 bones
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| Axial skeleton consists of | Bones in the longitudinal axis of the body-vertical line INCLUDES skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones) hyoid, sternum, ribs, vertebral column
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| Appendicular skeleton consists of | Upper lower limbs and the girdles
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| KNOW THE NUMBERS AXIAL SKELETON | Skull consists of -Cranium 8 Facial 14 Total bones of the skull 22
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| Hyoid bone-AXIAL SKELETON | Does not touch any part of the body 1
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| Auditory ossicles-AXIAL SKELETON | Meatus Incus Staples 6
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| Vertebral column-AXIAL SKELETON | 26
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| Thorax consists of AXIAL SKELETON | Sternum (1) and ribs (24) 12 pairs
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| RIbs AXIAL SKELETON | 12 pairs or total of 24
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| Pectoral Shoulder Girdle-APPENDICULAR | Clavicle 2 Scapula 2
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| Upper Limbs-Appendicular | 60 Total bones 30 Side
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| These bones are in upper extremities | Humerus(2) Ulna(2) Radius(2) Carpal(8) Metacarpals(10) Phalanges(28)
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| Pelvic Girdle(APPENDICULAR) | Hip, pelvic, coxal bone (2)
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| Lower Limbs-APPENDICULAR | 60 Total Bones 30 side
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| Bones that are in the Lower Limbs | Femur(2) Patella(2) Fibula(2) Tibia(2) Tarsal(14) Metatarsals(10) Phalanges(28)
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| What are the five main types of bones? | Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid bones, Sutural bones
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| long bones have | greater length than width
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| Long bones consist of mostly of | compact bone tissue in the diaphyses spongy bone in their epiphyses
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| Examples of long bones | thigh-femur, leg-tibia and fibula, arm-humerus, forearm-radius and ulna, and fingers/toes-phalanges
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| Short bones | Cubed shaped and equal in length and width
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| Short bones consist mostly of | spongy bone except at the surface it has a thin layer of compact bone tissue
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| Examples of short bones | Carpal-wrist EXCEPTION PISIFORM SESAMOID BONE Tarsal bones EXCEPT FOR CALCANEUS-Irregular bone
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| Flat bones | thin and composed of parallel plates compact bone tissue enclosing a spongy bone
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| Flat bones | provide proection and muscle attachments
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| Type of flat bones | Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
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| Irregular bones | Vary in the amount of spongy and compact bone
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| Types of irregular bones | Vertebrae, hip bones, facial bones calacaneus
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| Sesamoid bones | develop in certain tendon where there is friction, tension and physical stress (palms and soles)
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| Sesamoid bones are usually the size of a millimeter-EXCEPTIONS ARE | Patellae-knee cap found in the quadriceps femoris tendon
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| Sesamoid bones protect tendons from excessive wear and tear; and change the direction of a pull | This improves the mechanical advantage at a joint
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| Sutural bones | small bones located in immovable joints between certain cranial bones
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| Per Tortura sutures are | IMMOVEABLE
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| Fissure | Narrow slit
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| Foramen | Opening
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| Fossa | Shallow depression
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| Sulcus | Furrow bicipital groove
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| Meatus | Tubelike opening
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| Condyle | Large round protuberance at the end of a bone
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| Epicondyle | Projection above a condyle
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| Spinous process | Sharp slender projection
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| Spinous process | Sharp slender projection
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| Trochanter | Very large pojection-greater trochanter of the femur
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| Tubercle | Small rounded projection
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| Tuberosity | Large round usually roughed projection
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| Skull | 22 bones
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| Cranial bones | 8
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| What are the eight cranial bones | Frontal(1) Parietal(2) Temporal(2) Occipital (1) Sphenoid bone(1) Ethmoid bone(1)
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| Facial bones | 14
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| What are the fourteen facial bones | Nasal(2) Maxillae(2) Zygomatic(2) Mandible(1) Lacrimal(2) Palatine(2) Inferior nasal conchae(2) and the Vomer(1)
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| The mandible is the only | Moveable bone of the skull (exception-ossicles)
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| Cranial bones protect the ... | Brain, blood/lymph vessels and nerves by meninges,
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| Outer cranial bones provide | Attachment for muscles that move various parts of the head
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| Facial bones provide | Support for the entrances for digestive and respiratory systems
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| Both cranial and facial bones protect the special sense organs What are they- | Vision taste smell hearing and equilibrium-(balance)
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| Frontal bones forms | forehead-anterior roof orbits and anterior cranial floor
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| Metropic suture | is found on the frontal bone on left and right sides IT ususally disappears at age 6-8 yrs old
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| supraorbital margin | superior to the orbits
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| Parietal bones | forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity
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| Temporal bones- | Forms inferior lateral aspects of the cranium
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| Temporal bone | zyogomatic process-inferior temporal squama
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| What forms the zygomatic arch | zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
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| Temporal process | Is on the zygomatic bone
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| Mandibular fossa | located on inferior posterior surface of the zygomatic process of each temporal bone
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| Articular tubercle | Anterior to the mandibular fossa
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| The mandibular fossa and articular foss articulate with the mandible to form the | Tempromandibular joint (TMJ)
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| Mastoid air cell are found in the | Temporal bone
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| Mastoiditis | Inflammation of the mastoid air cells. THIS CAN SPREAD TO THE BRAIN
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| Mastoid process of the temporal bone | rounded projection of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone posterior to the external auditory meatuses. It is an attachment for several neck muscles
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| Styloid process of the temporal bone | Projects inferiorly from the inferior surface of the temporal bone Serves as a attachment for muscles of the tongue and the neck
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| Petrous portion of the temporal bone | Triangular; Located at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones: It houses the internal and middle ear: Responsible for hearing equlibrium
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| Petrous portion of the temporal bone | Contains the carotid foramen-houses the carotid artery
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| Petrous portion of the temporal bone | Also contains the jugular foramen-posterior to caratoid foramen-passage for the jugular foramen
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| Occipital bone | Forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium
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| Foramen magnum | Found in the occipital bone; hole in the inferior part of bone The medulla oblongata connects with spinal cord within this foramen
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| occipital condyles | oval process with convex surfaces on either side of the foramen magnum
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| Occipital condyles articulate | cervical first vertebrae -atlas Forms alanto-occipital joint NOD-YES
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| External occipital protuberance | Is prominent midline projection of posterior surface of the bone just above the foramen magnum (bump on the back of the head just above the neck
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| ligamentum nuchae | Large fibrous elastic ligament
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| Ligamentum nuchae | Extends from external protuberance to 7th cervical vertebrae-support head
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| Sphenoid bone-shape bat | Keystone of the cranial floor ARTICULATES with all of the CRANIAL BONES
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| Sphenoid bones contain | Sella turcica-bony saddle shaped structure on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone
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| Tuberculum sellae | Horn of the saddle-anterior
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| Hypophyseal fossa | Is the seat of saddle located in the sphenoid. THIS IS WHERE THE PITUITARY GLAND IS
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| Optic foramen | Found in the sphenoid bone-allows the optic nerve to
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| Foramen rotundum | Found sphenoid bone-passes through trigeminal nerve
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| Ethmoid bone | IS ALL ABOUT SMELL
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| Ethmoid bone is | Anterior to the sphenoid Posterior to nasal bones
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| Parts of the ethmoid bone | Cribiform plate; Olfactory foramn, Crista galli, Perpendicular plate, Superior and Middle nasal conchae THE INFERIOR NASAL CONCHEA IS NOT PART OF THE ETHMOID BONE
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| Cribiform plate | Of the ethmoid bone forms the roof of the nasal cavity
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| Where do you find olfactory formamina | Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
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| crista galli | Serves as a attachment for the membranes that cover the brains
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| Perpindicular plate of the ethmoid bone | Forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
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| Superior/Middle nasal conchae or turbinate of the ethmoid bone | Are part of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone; two thin scroll shaped projections lateral to nasal septum
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| Lateral masses of the ethmoid bone | Contain air cells and forms the ethmoidal sinuses
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| The purpose of the conchae | Cleanse air before it passes into the rest of the respiratory system
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| Nasal Bone_--FACIAL BONE PAIRED | Form part of the bridge of the nose
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| Maxillae--FACIAL BONE PARIED | Form the upperjaw
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| Maxillae articulates with | EVERY FACIAL BONE EXCEPT THE MANDIBLE
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| Hard palate is formed by the | Palatineprocess of the maxilla nd the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
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| The hard palate separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity | TRUE
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| Where is the infraorbital foramen found | Maxilla
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| What passes through the infraorbital foramen | Trigeminal Nerve 5
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| cleft plate | The palatine processes of the maxilla bones fail to unite usually unites 10-12 week of development
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| cleft lip | involves split upper lip
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| Zygomatic bone | Cheekbone
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| Temporal process | Zygomatic bone
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| Zygomatic process | Temporal bone
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| Temporal process and zygomatic arch articulates to form the | Zygomatich arch
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| Lacrimal bones PAIRED FACIAL BONE | SMALLEST BONE OF THE FACE
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| Lacrimal fossa of Lacrimal bone | Houses the lacrimal sac that gathers tears and passes them into the nasal cavity
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| Platine bone-TWO-FACIAL BONE | L Shaped; Forms the posterior portion of the hard palate
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| INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE-(TWO) FACIAL BONE | Inferior to he middle nasal conchae; Scroll like bones
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| ONLY!!! SUPERIOR NASAL CONCHAE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR | SENSE OF THE SMELL
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| Vomer | Triangular articulates with perpendicular plates of ethomid bone(superiorly) INFERIORLY(maxillae) Palatine-midline
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| Vomer forms the | Inferior portion of the nasal septum
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| Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum | vomer
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| Forms the superior part of the nasal septum | perpendicular plates of the ethmoid bone
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| MANDIBLE_FACIAL BONE | lower jaw
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| What is the strongest facial bone | Mandible
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| Mandible | IS THE ONLY MOVEABLE FACIAL BONE
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| Where is the condylar process | Mandible
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| Mandibular Fossa and articular tubercle of the | Temporal bobe
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| What forms the temporamandibular joint | Condylar process of the mandible and mandibualr fossa and the articualr process of the temporal bone
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| THe mandible has a posterior process what is it name | Condylar process
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| The mandible has an anterior process on the ramus. What is its name | Coronoid process
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| Mental foreamen | Inferior to the second premolar
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| Mandibular foramen | Medial surfaceof the ramus-dentist gives shots here
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| Symptoms of TMJ Syndrome | Dull pain, clicking and poping when opening and closing the mouth, limited rage of motion, headache, toothache, abnormal wearing of teeth.
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| Nasal septum | divides the nasal cavity into left right sides
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| Nasal septum consists of | Bone and cartilage
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| What are the three componets of the nasal septum | 1)Vomer, Septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
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| Broken nose refers to damage of the | Septal cartilage NOT THE NASAL BONES
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| Deviated nasal septum | Defelected laterally form the midline of the nose Usually with the vomer/septal cartilage
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| Sutures in the skulls of infants and children are movable; | BUT NOT MOVEABLE IN ADULT PER TORTORA
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| What are the name of the four sutures? | Coronal suture, Sagittal suture, Lambdoid, Squamous
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| Coronal suture | Unites the frontal and parietal bone
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| Sagittal suture | Unites the two parietal bones
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| fontanels | soft spots
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| Lambdoid suture | Unites the two parietal bone and the occiptal bone
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| Squamous suture | unite the parietal and temporal bones on the lateral aspect of the skull
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| Paranasal sinuses | are lined with mucous membranes that are continuous with lining of the nasal cavity
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| What bones contain paransal sinuses? | FEMS-Frontal, Ethmoid, Maxillae, and Sphenoid
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| Another function of the paranasal sinuses - | Resonating chamber for sound as we speak
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| Sinusitis | allergic reaction or inflammation
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| HYOID BONE_SINGLE | U Shaped-DOES NOT ARTICULATE WITH ANY OTHER BONE
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| HYOID BONE IS SUSPENDED FROM | Styloid process of the temporal bone by ligamnets and muscles
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| Vertebral column | Spine backbone
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| Vertebral column | Makes up about two fifiths of your total height
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| Forms the trunk of the body of the skeleton | Vertebral column, sternum, ribs
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| The function of the vertebrea column | Functions as a strong, flexible rod with elements that can move forward, backward, sideways and rotate
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| Vertebral column | encloses the spinal cord and protects it
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| Total # of vertebrae during development | 33
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| Several vertebrae fuse with growth---AN ADULT VERTEBRAL COLUMN HAS | 26
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| How many vertebrae in the cervical | 7
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| How many vertebrae in the thoracic | 12
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| How many vertebrae are there in the lumbar vertebrae | 5
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| How many vertebrae are in the sacrum | 1-Consists of five fused sacral vertebae
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| How many vertebrae does the coccyx have? | 1-Usually consists of four fused vertebrae
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| The cervical thoraic and lumbar vertebrae are moveable | THE SACRUM AND THE COCCYX ARE NOT
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| Vertebral column show four slight bends called normal curves. What are they | Cervical, lumbar, thoracic and sacral
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| Cervical and lumbar | Convex-bulge out
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| Thoracic and sacral curves | Concave-Cupp in
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| The purpose of the curves are too | Increase strength, maintain balance, absorb shock when walking, protect from fracture
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| Thoracic and sacral curves | Primary
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| cervical and lumbar curves | secondary curves
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| Three abnormal curves are | kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
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| Intervertebral discs | Are found between the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae from the SECOND cervical vertebrae to the sacrum
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| annulus fibrosis | consist of fibrocartilage
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| Annulus fibrosus-outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage | Nucleus pulposus-inner soft pulpy highly elastic substance
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| annulus fibrosus | outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage
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| nucleus pulposus | inner soft, pulpy highly elastic substance
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| The body of the vertebra | thick,disc-shaped anterior portion; is the weight bearing part of the vertebrae
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| The vertebral arch contains | 2 short thick pedicles-project posteriorly from the vertebral body
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| laminae unite with vertebral body to form | Vertebral arch
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| Intervertebral foramen | permits the passage of a single spinal nerve that passes to specific region of the body
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| Process | 7 process arise from the vertebral arch
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| 2) Transverse process | extends laterally
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| 1) Spinous process | project posteriorly from laminae
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| 2) Superior articular processes | The two superior articular processes of a vertebrae articulate with the two INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES OF THE VERTEBRA immediately ABOVE THEM
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| 2 Supeiror articular processes | The two inferior articular processes of the vertebrae articulate with the vertebrae immediately BELOW THEM
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| The articulating processes are called | facets and are covered with HYALINE CARTILAGE
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| Intervertebral joints | are the articulations formed bewteen the bodies and articular faces
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| Cervical vertebrae | Are smaller than all vertebrae-EXCEPT-those that form the coccyx.
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| Cervical certebrae have | THREE foramina; 1 veterbral foramen and 2 transverse foramina
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| BIFID | Split into two parts
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| What spinous process are termed bifid? | C2-C6
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| The first two cervical vertebrae are differnt forom theothers | Atlas supports the world on his shoulder.
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| Atlas | c1-First cervical vertebrae inferior to the skull
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| Atlas | Lacks a body a spinous process
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| Axis | c2-Second vertebral
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| Axis | Does have a body
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| Atlas | DOES NOT HAVE A BODY
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| Axis also known as the | Dens-peg like process
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| The anterior arch of the axis and dens of the axis forms | atlanto-axial joint
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| atlanto axial joint | permits side to side movement of the head NO
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| atlanto occipital joint | Allows you head to nod YES
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| Vertebra prominens | Single large spinous process is seen and felt at the base of the neck
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| Thoracic vertebrae | T1-T-12
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| Thoracic vertebra | Are larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae
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| Lumbar region | Largest and the strongest of the vertebral column
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| Sacrum | triangular bone form by S1-S5
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| The sacral vertebrae begin to fuse | At age 16-18 and completed by age 30
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| Females sacrums are shorter, wider and more curved | than males
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| Sacral promontory | anterioor projecting border of the base-It is used to measure the pelvis
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| sacroiliac joint | auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with ilium of the hip bone
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| lumbosacral joint | The fifth lumbar vertebrae articulates with base of the sacrum
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| coccyx | triangular shaped-formed by the fusionof 4 vertebrae
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| Coccyx vertebrae | Fuse together around age 20-30
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| In females the coccyx points in inferiorly to allow passage of a baby | The males points anteriorly
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| Thorax | entire chest
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| Thoracic cage includes | Sternum, costal cartilages, ribs and the bodies of the vertebrae THE CLAVICLE IS NOT PART OF THORAX
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| sternum | breastbone-consist of 3 parts-manubrium-body-xiphoid process
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| manubrium | superior part of the sternum
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| body of the sternum | middle and the largest part
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| xiphoid process | smallest part
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| The xiphoid process consists of hyaline cartilage does not ossify until age | 40
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| sternal angle | junction of the manubrium abd the body
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| suprasternal notch | depression on its superior surface
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| The body of the 2nd through 10th ribs articulates with | Second through 10th rib
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| true ribs | vertebrosternal ribs
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| true ribs | 1-7th pair
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| false ribs | vertebrochondral ribs
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| false ribs | 8th 9th and 10th ribs
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| Floating ribs | 11th and 12th pair-do not attach to the sternum aat all
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| The posterior portion of the rib connects by the | Head and articular part of the tubercle
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| The articular part of the tubercle artiiculates with | transverse process of the vertebrae
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| intercostal spaces | spaces between the ribs
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| Herniated slipped disc | nucleus pulposus slips posteriorly toward the spinal cord and nerves
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| Scoliosis | MOST COMMON-Lateral bending of thoracic region
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| Scoliosis | Thoracic region-lateral bending of the vertebral column
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| Kyphosis | hump-exaggeration of the thoracic cavity
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| Kyphosis | common in females with osteoporosis
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| Spina bifida | congential defect of vertebral column L5-S1 it is faliure to unite at the midline
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| Spina bifida | no symptom-recognized by dimple with a tuft of hair
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| Whiplash injury | Injury to the neck that causes hyperextension and hyperflexion
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| hyperflexion of the neck | forward tilt
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| hyperextension of the neck | backward tilt
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| stenosis | narrowing
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To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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May07-Pass
Popular Massage Therapy sets