Emergency Care
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| What are the 4 basic supplies needed in a crash cart | Venous access, airway access, emergency drugs, dosage chart
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| What are additional items that can be in a crash cart? | laryngeoscope, gauze, IV tubing, bone marrow caths, bandaging supplies, tape, clippers, sx scrub
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| What are common drugs used in emergency care? | Atropine, Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Dopamine, Dobutamine, MgCl, Naloxone
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| What is a venous cutdown? | Cutting down thru the skin until the vein is seen
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| What are common reasons to start fluid therapy on a pt? | maintaining hydration, replacing fluid losses, maintaining IV access and delivering other meds, tx of shock or hypoproteinemia, increased urine output, correcting acid-base or electrolyte disturbances, providing nutritional support
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| Secondary complications of trauma | DIC, Sepsis, Multiorgan failure, and distress caused by pain
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| What is triage? | Determining what is the most important pt to treat and what is their most important illness/trauma to tx first
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| What are the ABCs of tx shock/trauma? | A=airway, B=breathing, C=cardiovascular
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| What does A CRASH PLAN stand for? | A=airway, C=cardiovascular, R=respiratory, A=abdomen, S=spine, H=head, P=pelvis, L=limbs, A=arteries/veins, N=nerves
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| What should you do with an arterial bleed? | Immediately cover and apply pressure
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| What signs are associated with upper airway trauma? | bloody respiratory discharge, increased respiratory effort, SQ emphysema, increased upper airway noise
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| What is the difference between a pneumothorax and a hemothorax? | Pneumothroax=air in chest
Hemothorax=blood in chest
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| What is flail chest? | When 2 or more ribs are broken in 2 or more places
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| What are signs of intracranial pressure? | Signs: changes in mentation and level of consciousness along with changes in PLR and pupillary size
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| Why are the techs the most important part of critical care? | Bc we spend the most time with the patient monitoring them
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| What are signs of pain? | Vocalizing, splinting, praying position, play bowing position, depression, anorexia, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, pale mm, aggression, excessive salivation, dilated pupils
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| Why is it important to tx pain? | Pain=slower recovery
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| What is DIC? | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; clotting in the body on a widespread scale which in turn causes distruction of RBCs and bleeding, viscious cycle, eventually causing death
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| What is petechiae? | Breaking of blood vessels in SQ tissue
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| What is eccymosis? | Large areas of blood vessels breaking in SQ tissue, resembles a bruise
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| What are signs of the compensatory phase of shock? | Signs: increased HR and RR, rapid CRT, injected mm (brick red), increased pulse pressure
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| What are the signs of the uncompensated phase of shock? | Uncompensated shock signs: hypotension, rapid HR, weak pulses, prolonged CRT, pale mm, hypothermia, overt weakness, depression, loss of consciousness
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| What are the 4 types of shock? | Hypovolemic, septic, cardiogenic, distributive
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| What is hypovolemic shock? | The most common form, due to low perfusion of blood circulating either from profuse bleeding, dehydration, or effusive fluid loss
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| What is cardiogenic shock? | Heartfailure from primary heart dz, cardiomyopathy, valvular dz, and arrythmias
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| What is distributive shock? | Associated with maldistribution of blood flow associated with pathologic vasodilation
Pooling of blood in capillaries and veins results in a decrease in effective blood volume
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| What is septic shock? | Caused by infection
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| What is cardiopulmonary arrest? | Cessation of breathing and effective blood circulation
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| What does CPCR stand for? | Cardiopulmonary cerebrovascular resuscitation
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| How is CPR different from CPCR? | CPCR brings then back to functioning
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| What pts are more at risk for cardiopulmonary arrest? | Ones with heart dz, respiratory dz, hypothermia, multiorgan failure, trauma, and shock
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| What is the most common vagus mediated arrest from? | Vomiting
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| When a pt comes in that is not breathing, what should you do first? | Check the airway
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| Once you check the airway, and the pt is still not breathing, then what do you do? | Establish an airway and breath for the pt
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| Once you start breathing for the t, what is the 3rd step? | Check circulation, start compressions
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| Pts under 15lbs, when doing chest comppresions, what kind of pump is it? | Cardiac
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| When doing chest compressions on a pt 15lbs and under, where should your hands be? | Over the heart
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| Pts over 15 lbs, when doing chest compressions, what kind of pump is it? | Thoracic
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| When doing chest compressions on a pt 15lbs or over, where should you hands be? | Over the thickest part of the chest
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| In a large dog, what can someone else be doing while you are doing chest compressions to increase the blood flow in the pt? | Compressions on the abdomen
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| What are 3 arrythmias seen during cardiac arrest? | Asystole, nonperfusion, V-fib
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| What does LEAN stand for? | Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, Naloxone--all drugs that can go down an Etube
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| What type of drugs are Mannitol and Furosemide? | Diuretics
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| How big should donor cats be? | 10lbs
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| How big should donor dogs be? | 60lbs
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| What should cats test negative for? | Hemofelis mycoplasma, cat scratch fever, Felv, FIV
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| What should dogs test negative for? | Heartworm dz, brucellosis, tick borne dz, Babesia, Leishmania
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| How many blood types do dogs have? | 8
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| How many blood types do cats have? | 3
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| What is the blood type that is most senstive to other types in cats? | B
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| Abdominal breathing is __________________ | always abnormal
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| If the heart of lung is muffled, that is an indicator of? | Fluid in the chest
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| If you hear crackles in the lungs, what is this an indicator of? | Pneumonia or pulmonary edema
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| What is a normal pulse ox reading? | Above 95%
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| What is a capnograph | Measures breathing
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| What should you do first if you pulse ox detects a problem? | check the pulse, mm, HR of a pt, do not adjust machine
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| What is a normal BP in animals? | 100-150
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| If you get a reading of 175 what does this mean? | Hypertension
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| What is a Doppler BP machine? | Ultrasound crystal that is heard over a speaker system
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| What does CVP stand for? | Central venous pressure
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| What is a normal CVP? | 0-5
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| What does BMBT stand for? | Buccal mucosal bleeding time
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| What are signs of CNS damage? | pinpoint pupils, tachypnea, tachycardia, mental dullness
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| What can abdominal palpation detect? | Fluid, organ enlargement, gas
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| What is a secondary problem to urinary obstruction? | Kidney failure/damage
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| What are signs of a urinary obstruction? | straining to urinate, not urinating, vocalizing, painful abdomen, large distended bladder
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| What blood values will elevate with a urinary obstruction? | K, BUN, CREAT
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| What are the 5 things you should ask when an O calls about a possible toxicity ingestion? | What did the animal ingest?
When did the animal ingest it?
Is the animal showing any clinical signs?
Was the ingestion witnessed or suspected?
Are there other animals or children who could also be exposed?
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| After how many hrs should you not induce vomiting? | 4
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| What two ways can Apomorphine be given? | Tablet in the eye and IV
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| What injectable is used to make cats vomit? | Xylazine
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| What are 2 at home products used to makes pets vomit? | Hydrogen peroxide and Ipecac syrup
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| What are labs results indicative of Ethylene glycol ingestion? | Calcium oxylate monohydrate crystals in urine, elevated BUN and CREAT
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| What is tx for Ethylene glycol ingestion? | Fomipazole and Everclear
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| What is tx for rat poison ingestion? | Vitamin K
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