Spec Topic
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| What are the 4 types of catheters? | *OTN *TTN *Butterfly *single/multi lumen
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| Name the 3 primary locations for catheter placement | Jugular,cephalic, saphenous
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| Fluids maintain ______ during sx | blood pressure
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| What is the CPR success rate? | 20%
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| Butterfly catheters are only used to collect ___ volumes of blood. | Small
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| What is the most common reason for placing a urinary catheter? | FLUTD
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| What 2 substances will you use to prep a cath site and in what order? | scrub(chlorhexadine) then alcohol
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| How many times do you go over a cath site with each substance? | a minimum of three times
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| What size clipper blade do you use for cath sites? | #40 blade
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| What do you use to flush catheters to ensure patency? | Heperin/saline solution
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| What is the formula for Hep/saline solution? | 1unit heperin - 1unit 0.9% NACL
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| How many times do you flush a catheter when placing and why? | 2 times *1st prior to insertion(ensure it's not defective) *2nd after insertion(ensure placement)
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| At what location do you start to place a catheter?: | Start distal(above bifurcation and move proximal)
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| How often should you flush a catheter for maintenance? | *q 4-6 hrs if not on fluids *q 8-12 if on fluids
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| how long can you leave an OTN cath in place? | no more than 3 days
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| True or False: you should flush a catheter before every injection? | True
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| What should you apply to the skin after you pull a jugular catheter?: | AB ointment
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| How long should you leave a pressure wrap on after removing a catheter? | no more than 1 hour
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| Def: Crystalloid: | fluids (normasol, 0.9% NACL, dextrose)
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| Def: Colliod | a solution in which small particles are present, ie: Blood
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| Def: TPN | Total parenteral nutrition
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| Def: CVP | Central venous pressure
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| How many attempts can you try at placing a catheter before passing to another person? | 2
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| What type of catheter is placed temporarily? | butterfly
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| Blood sample should be collected from patients at least ___ hrs postprandial | 2
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| After collecting a sample, your blood smears should be made how soon? | Immediately
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| Serum should be removed from contact with cells within ___ mins | 30-45 min
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| If the sample will not be evaluated within __ hrs, them plasma/serum should be poured off and refrigerated | 4-6
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| Blood smear should be stored at what temperature? | Room temp
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| True or false: you can freeze whole blood samples. | False , it causes hemolysis
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| After drawing your samples, you should invert the tube how many times? | 6-10
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| Venipuncture is preformed with what 2 items/things? | Needle and syringe or Vacutainer system
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| What is the most common needle gauge used for venipuncture? | 22g
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| What are the 2 most important aspects of venipunture technique? | proper restraint and immobilization of the vessel
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| In what region are jugular venipunctures preformed? | Caudal region
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| If your first BD attempt fails, what direction would you try for another? | Cranial (above the prior site)
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| How long do you apply digital pressure to a puncture site? | at least 30 sec
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| What 3 techniques are used to collect a capillary sample? | quicking a nail, lancing the buccal mucosa or nicking the pinna of the ear (most common)
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| What is used to nick the ear vein to gather a sample? | Lancet or 25g needle
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| You must __ the ear before lancing it and them ___ it to collect the sample: warm, milk/massage |
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| True or false: Blood gases are taken when a patient is awake | False, patients are anesthetized
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| True or false: Arterial blood is brighter red than veinous blood | True
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| The preferred restraint method for arterial puncture is ___________. | Lateral recumbency
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| How long should you apply pressure to the medial saphenous after venipuncture? | 1 min
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| What is the finger of choice for occluding the jugular vein? | Thumb
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| What section of the jugular do you start at for blood draws? | caudal 3rd
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| What artery is generally used to to collect acid base and blood gases? | Femoral artery
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| True or false: Blood glucose test can be altered by stress | True
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| In an emergency situation, what site would you ideally draw blood from? | Jugular
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| True or false. IV drugs are usually given quickly | False (Slowly)
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| when occluding a vein you should always grasp and roll in which direction? | Laterally (Outwards)
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| Define septicemia: | Blood infection
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| What is the most common tourniquet used? | NYE or penrose
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| What size needle is used for ID injections? | 25g or 27g
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| What do blood chemistries evaluate? | Various blood levels
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| Collecting enough samples to run for 3 tests also allows for what 3 things to occur? | -Dilution -Machine error -Technician error
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| What anticoagulant binds with lead? | Heparin
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| What anticoagulant does not alter cell morphology? | EDTA
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| Isopropryl alcohol does what 3 things when used for venipuncture? | 1-Removes contaminants 2-Improves vein visualization 3-Vasodilation
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| Where should pressure be applied when discussing jugular venipuncture? | thoracic inlet/jugular furrow
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| What collection site mainly used for RBC parasites and at home glucose testing? | Marginal ear
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| What do blood gases measure? | partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in the blood
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| What size needle is placed for arterial catheterization? | 20-22g
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| What are the 2 most commonly used veins used for blood gas analysis? | femoral artery and dorsal metatarsal
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| If an animal is stressed what 2 things could alter blood results? | cortisol and glucose
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| What 2 samples should be obtained before any treatment? | urine and blood
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| True or false. During venipuncture, the site is held off for the entire time | True
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| True or false. An artery needs to be occluded when collecting a sample | False
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| True or false. Arterial blood has a lower pressure than venous | False
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| IM route is appropriate for injections of ____ volume | Small
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| Vaccines are typically given ___ | Subcutaneous
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| True or False: SQ injections are absorbed slower in obese patients: | True
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| Name the non-parenteral routes of drug administration | Oral, Sublingual, Feeding tube, Topical, Transdermal, Intranasal, Inhalation, Rectal, A ural, Ear, Eye
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| What are the 2 types of inhalation routes? | Nebulized and volatilized
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| What is meant by giving an injection in a bolus amount? | Giving a very large amount over a short period of time.
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| True or false. Some drugs can cause different effects depending on how it is adminstered | True
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| Why might a medication not be given orally? | It is easily destroyed by stomach acid.
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| What degree of angle are IMs given? | 90
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| What degree of angle are SQs given? | 45
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| What degree of angle are IVs given? | 25
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| What degree of angle are IDs given? | 10-15
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| What are the 3 layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis and Subcutaneous (Hypodermis)
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| What layer of the skin has very thick layers but no blood vessels? | Epidermis
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| What layer of skin is composed of blood vessels and other accessory organs of the skin? | Dermis
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| What layer of the skin is composed of fat and connective tissue? | Subcutaneous (Hypodermis)
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| Alcohol soaked cotton balls are used only during _________________. | Venipuncture
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| What substance removes the blood on an animal coat after taking blood? | Hydrogen peroxide
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| Tuberculin is the same as a _____________ syringe | 1cc
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| What size needle comes with a green cap? | 18g
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| What size needle comes with a pink cap? | 20g
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| What size needle comes with a blue cap? | 22g
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| What size needle comes with a red cap? | 25g
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| What is the most commonly used needle? | 22g
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| What size needle is used for ID injections? | 25g or 27g
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| Parenteral refers to be admistered with the use of what? | Needle and Syringe
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| What are the parenteral routes of administration? | ID,SQ,IM,IV,Interosseous, Intraperitoneal, Intra-arterial, Epidural, Intracardiac and intramammary
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| An epidural is given where? | In the spine
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| An intraosseous injection is given where? | In the bone
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| What type of anesthics are given ID? | Local
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| Skin must be shaved with a #______ clipper blade prior to an allergy skin test. | 40
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| How much should be injected per time and per site via ID? | 0.1cc
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| What is the most easily and frequently performed type of injection? | SQ
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| What is the most common route for vaccine administration? | SQ
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| Where should injections never be given on cats? | Intrascapular
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| Where are insulin injections usually given? | Dorsolaterally
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| After an injection what should be done briefly to properly distribute the drug? | Massage
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| What is the most painful type of injection discussed in class? | IM
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| What particular muscles should never be used for IM injections? | Neck muscles
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| Where is the sciatic nerve located? Lateral aspect of the back leg. |
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| Where are IM injections administered lumbosacrally? | Semi muscles of the rear leg
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| Where is heartworm treatment injected? | 3rd-5th lumbar
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| The triceps are used in IM injections sometimes but primary in what type of animals? | Large
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| True or false. Immiticide injections are massaged. | False
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| Where are the 2 most common sites of IV injections on a canine? | Cephalic vein and lateral saphenous vein
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| Where are the 3 most common sites of IV injections on a feline? | Cephalic vein, medial saphenous and femoral vein
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| The jugular vein is used to admister injections in animals only if an _________________ is in place | IV catheter
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| True or false. IV drugs are usually given quickly. | False (Slowly)
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| True or false: IV catheter sites are Sterile? | False (aseptic)
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| Arterial blood gases are obtained with ____ | OTN catheter
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