Chapters 10, 14, 21, 34
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| A comprehensive history of a puppy or kitten includes: | hx of mom, dad, relatives, and other littermates, # of ill, how long the clinical signs have been happening, moms vx history, any additives etc given to mom during pregnancy, difficulty during birth, behavior, body weight curves
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| Instruments specific to a neonate exam | Pediatric stethoscope with 2cm bell and thermometer that reads to 84 degrees
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| Can neonates regulate their body temperature for the first 2 week of their life? | no
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| How do you check hydration status in a neonate? | MM--cannot use skin turgor at this age
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| Ventral abdomen is normally hairless and what color? | Dark pink
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| A ventral abdomen that is bluish or red in a neonate is a sign of? | Distress
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| What discharge is normal in a neonate? | Urine and feces
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| What is the other term for a soft spot? | Open fontanelle
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| What is the term used for a neonate that has a flat chest? | Swimmer's syndrome or pectus excavatum
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| Bulging of the eyelids is a sign of? | Infection
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| Bulges in the neck happen for 3 reasons, what are those? | Gas in the esophagus, goiter, ectopic heart
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| Puppies should be _________ and kittens should be __________. | Pudgy, lean
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| When a neonate sucks/chews on your fingers, this is what reflex and when is it present? | Suckling reflex--present at birth
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| When a neonate presses their head into a bowed hand this is what reflex and when is it present? | Pressing reflex--present at birth
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| If you pick a puppy up by the scruff and it curls up, this is what reflex and how old is the neonate? | Flexor tone--younger than 3-4 days
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| When you hold a neonate by the scruff and it stretches out, this is what reflex and how old is the neonate? | Extensor tone--at least 4 days old
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| How much of their day do neonates spend sleeping in the first week? | 80%
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| How often do neonates eat? | every 2-4 hours
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| What motor skills are neonates born with? | Crawling, suckling, distress vocalization
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| What stimuli do neonates respond to? | Odor, touch, pain
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| By day 3, what can the neonates do? | Lift their head
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| By day 7 what can the neonates do? | Crawl coordinated
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| By the end of day 1 the umbilical cord dries up, it falls of when? | By day 2-3
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| Neonates eyes open at? | 7-12 days
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| Neonates ears open at? | 14-16 days
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| When their eyes open, the iris is what color? | Bluish grey
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| When their eyes open, the cornea is? | Cloudy
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| When drawing blood from a neonate you should use what vein? | Jugular
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| You can not remove any more than what percent of a neonates blood in a week? | 10%
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| Why is a cystocentesis contraindicated in neonates? | Their skin is too fragile.
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| If you have a hypothermic neonate, should you tube feed them? | No!!
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| Why should you not feed a hypothermic neonate? | Aspiration=pneumonia
Fermentation of food=bloat=dyspnea=swallowing of air=collapse/death
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| When correcting hypothermia in a neonate, you should not heat them any quicker than _______ degrees an hour | 2
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| What does the blood sugar have to be at for you to see clinical signs of hypoglycemia? | <30
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| What do you measure a feeding tube from? | Nose to end of ribs
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| What is the time leading up to estrus? | Proestrus
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| What is the time of mating? | Estrus
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| What is the time when pregnancy is established? | Diestrus
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| What is the time of no activity in reproduction system? | Anestrus
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| What are the 3 parts of the ovaduct? | Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
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| What happens in Stage I of parturition? | Prepping for delivery, nesting
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| What happens in Stage II of parturition? | Birth of the baby
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| What happens in Stage III of parturition? | Expulsion of the placenta
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| A canine pregnancy can be palpated around what day? | Day 21
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| A canine pregnancy can be radigraphed after what day? | Day 45
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| A canine pregnancy can be dianosed with a hormone assay at what day? | Day 28
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| A canine pregnancy can be diagnosed with ultrasound at what day? | Day 20-term
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| What is a pseudopregnancy? | False pregnancy, where female is not actually pregnant, but shows signs of it
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| What can Canine Brucellosis cause? | Spontaneous abortion and infertility
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| Feline pregnancy can be palpated from day _______ to ________. | 16-30
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| What are sensible fluid losses? | Urine, vomiting, diarrhea
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| What are insensible fluid losses? | Water in feces, panting
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| What are ways that you can check the hydration status of a patient? | mm, CRT, HCT, skin turgor, TP determination, SG, sunken eyes
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| 1lb=1pt=_______ml | 480
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| What is the equation for a fluid deficit? | wt(kg)*%dehydrated*1000
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| What is the equation for maintenance fluids? | 30ml/lb/24hrs or 60ml/kg/24hr
wt(kg or lbs)*30 or 60
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| What is the equation for contemporary fluid loss? | amt lost/day*2
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| When is oral fluid therapy contraindicated? | When a pt is vomiting or when a severe electrolyte imbalance needs to be fixed
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| How often does an IV catheter need to be changed? | Every 72 hrs
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| What are signs of fluid overload? | Restlessness, chemosis, pitting edema, hyperpnea, serous nasal discharge
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| When taking blood from a donor patient, it needs to come from what vein? | Jugular
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| ACD has a shelf life of how many days? | 14
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| CDS has a shelf life of how many days? | 21
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| CPDA-1 has a shelf life of how many days? | 35-45
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| Can you give blood cold? | No it needs to be warmed to 37 degrees celcius or room temperature.
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| When is oxygen therapy indicate in a patient? | pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia, upper airway dz in bradycephalic breeds, lung collapse, shock
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| What does a pulse ox measure? | Hemoglobin concentration
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| What are the ways to administer oxygen therapy? | Cage, mask, intratracheal tube, intranasal catheter
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| What are the 4 stages of wound healing? | inflammatory, debridement, repair, maturation
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| When does the inflammatory stage begin? | Immediately after injury
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| When does the debridement stage begin? | 6hr post injury
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| When does the repair stage begin? | 3-5 days post injury
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| When does the maturation stage begin? | 5 days post injury
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| What are host factors? | Have to do with the animal, age, health, nutrition, etc
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| What are external factors? | steroids, antiiflammatories, chemotherapy, radiation
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| What should you do immediately with a wound? | Cover it with something clean
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| What is wound lavage? | Flushing a wound with moderate pressue, using an electrolyte balanced fluid
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| What are the 4 ways to debride a wound? | Surgically, en bloc, hypertonic solutions, enzymatic
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| What is primary wound closure? | Suturing it closed?
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| What is the "Golden Period?" | 6-8 hrs post injury when a laceration can still be sutured closed
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| What is delayed primary wound closure? | Suturing of the wound 1-3 days after injury, before granulation tissue is present
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| What is second intention healing? | Healing by contraction and epithelialization
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| What is third intention healing? | Known as secondary closure, suturing 3-5 days after injury, granulation tissue is present
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| What is the first layer of a bandage? | Primary/contact
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| What is the second layer of a bandage? | Padding
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| What is the third layer of a bandage? | Tertiary/protective
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| Most casts are made of what material? | Fiberglass
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| What is the difference between a Robert Jones and a Modified Robert Jones? | Modified Robert Jones is not nearly as thick
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| What sling is used to immobilize a hind leg after a hip dislocation? | Ehmer sling
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| What sling is used to prevent stifle stiffening? | 90-90 Flexion sling
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| What sling is used to totally immobilize every joint in a front leg? | Velpeau's sling
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| What sling makes a dog/cat carry their fron leg? | Carpal flexion sling
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| What keeps the rear legs from adducting? | Hobbles
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