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Midterm for VT2000
Chapters 10, 14, 21, 34
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A comprehensive history of a puppy or kitten includes: | hx of mom, dad, relatives, and other littermates, # of ill, how long the clinical signs have been happening, moms vx history, any additives etc given to mom during pregnancy, difficulty during birth, behavior, body weight curves |
| Instruments specific to a neonate exam | Pediatric stethoscope with 2cm bell and thermometer that reads to 84 degrees |
| Can neonates regulate their body temperature for the first 2 week of their life? | no |
| How do you check hydration status in a neonate? | MM--cannot use skin turgor at this age |
| Ventral abdomen is normally hairless and what color? | Dark pink |
| A ventral abdomen that is bluish or red in a neonate is a sign of? | Distress |
| What discharge is normal in a neonate? | Urine and feces |
| What is the other term for a soft spot? | Open fontanelle |
| What is the term used for a neonate that has a flat chest? | Swimmer's syndrome or pectus excavatum |
| Bulging of the eyelids is a sign of? | Infection |
| Bulges in the neck happen for 3 reasons, what are those? | Gas in the esophagus, goiter, ectopic heart |
| Puppies should be _________ and kittens should be __________. | Pudgy, lean |
| When a neonate sucks/chews on your fingers, this is what reflex and when is it present? | Suckling reflex--present at birth |
| When a neonate presses their head into a bowed hand this is what reflex and when is it present? | Pressing reflex--present at birth |
| If you pick a puppy up by the scruff and it curls up, this is what reflex and how old is the neonate? | Flexor tone--younger than 3-4 days |
| When you hold a neonate by the scruff and it stretches out, this is what reflex and how old is the neonate? | Extensor tone--at least 4 days old |
| How much of their day do neonates spend sleeping in the first week? | 80% |
| How often do neonates eat? | every 2-4 hours |
| What motor skills are neonates born with? | Crawling, suckling, distress vocalization |
| What stimuli do neonates respond to? | Odor, touch, pain |
| By day 3, what can the neonates do? | Lift their head |
| By day 7 what can the neonates do? | Crawl coordinated |
| By the end of day 1 the umbilical cord dries up, it falls of when? | By day 2-3 |
| Neonates eyes open at? | 7-12 days |
| Neonates ears open at? | 14-16 days |
| When their eyes open, the iris is what color? | Bluish grey |
| When their eyes open, the cornea is? | Cloudy |
| When drawing blood from a neonate you should use what vein? | Jugular |
| You can not remove any more than what percent of a neonates blood in a week? | 10% |
| Why is a cystocentesis contraindicated in neonates? | Their skin is too fragile. |
| If you have a hypothermic neonate, should you tube feed them? | No!! |
| Why should you not feed a hypothermic neonate? | Aspiration=pneumonia Fermentation of food=bloat=dyspnea=swallowing of air=collapse/death |
| When correcting hypothermia in a neonate, you should not heat them any quicker than _______ degrees an hour | 2 |
| What does the blood sugar have to be at for you to see clinical signs of hypoglycemia? | <30 |
| What do you measure a feeding tube from? | Nose to end of ribs |
| What is the time leading up to estrus? | Proestrus |
| What is the time of mating? | Estrus |
| What is the time when pregnancy is established? | Diestrus |
| What is the time of no activity in reproduction system? | Anestrus |
| What are the 3 parts of the ovaduct? | Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus |
| What happens in Stage I of parturition? | Prepping for delivery, nesting |
| What happens in Stage II of parturition? | Birth of the baby |
| What happens in Stage III of parturition? | Expulsion of the placenta |
| A canine pregnancy can be palpated around what day? | Day 21 |
| A canine pregnancy can be radigraphed after what day? | Day 45 |
| A canine pregnancy can be dianosed with a hormone assay at what day? | Day 28 |
| A canine pregnancy can be diagnosed with ultrasound at what day? | Day 20-term |
| What is a pseudopregnancy? | False pregnancy, where female is not actually pregnant, but shows signs of it |
| What can Canine Brucellosis cause? | Spontaneous abortion and infertility |
| Feline pregnancy can be palpated from day _______ to ________. | 16-30 |
| What are sensible fluid losses? | Urine, vomiting, diarrhea |
| What are insensible fluid losses? | Water in feces, panting |
| What are ways that you can check the hydration status of a patient? | mm, CRT, HCT, skin turgor, TP determination, SG, sunken eyes |
| 1lb=1pt=_______ml | 480 |
| What is the equation for a fluid deficit? | wt(kg)*%dehydrated*1000 |
| What is the equation for maintenance fluids? | 30ml/lb/24hrs or 60ml/kg/24hr wt(kg or lbs)*30 or 60 |
| What is the equation for contemporary fluid loss? | amt lost/day*2 |
| When is oral fluid therapy contraindicated? | When a pt is vomiting or when a severe electrolyte imbalance needs to be fixed |
| How often does an IV catheter need to be changed? | Every 72 hrs |
| What are signs of fluid overload? | Restlessness, chemosis, pitting edema, hyperpnea, serous nasal discharge |
| When taking blood from a donor patient, it needs to come from what vein? | Jugular |
| ACD has a shelf life of how many days? | 14 |
| CDS has a shelf life of how many days? | 21 |
| CPDA-1 has a shelf life of how many days? | 35-45 |
| Can you give blood cold? | No it needs to be warmed to 37 degrees celcius or room temperature. |
| When is oxygen therapy indicate in a patient? | pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia, upper airway dz in bradycephalic breeds, lung collapse, shock |
| What does a pulse ox measure? | Hemoglobin concentration |
| What are the ways to administer oxygen therapy? | Cage, mask, intratracheal tube, intranasal catheter |
| What are the 4 stages of wound healing? | inflammatory, debridement, repair, maturation |
| When does the inflammatory stage begin? | Immediately after injury |
| When does the debridement stage begin? | 6hr post injury |
| When does the repair stage begin? | 3-5 days post injury |
| When does the maturation stage begin? | 5 days post injury |
| What are host factors? | Have to do with the animal, age, health, nutrition, etc |
| What are external factors? | steroids, antiiflammatories, chemotherapy, radiation |
| What should you do immediately with a wound? | Cover it with something clean |
| What is wound lavage? | Flushing a wound with moderate pressue, using an electrolyte balanced fluid |
| What are the 4 ways to debride a wound? | Surgically, en bloc, hypertonic solutions, enzymatic |
| What is primary wound closure? | Suturing it closed? |
| What is the "Golden Period?" | 6-8 hrs post injury when a laceration can still be sutured closed |
| What is delayed primary wound closure? | Suturing of the wound 1-3 days after injury, before granulation tissue is present |
| What is second intention healing? | Healing by contraction and epithelialization |
| What is third intention healing? | Known as secondary closure, suturing 3-5 days after injury, granulation tissue is present |
| What is the first layer of a bandage? | Primary/contact |
| What is the second layer of a bandage? | Padding |
| What is the third layer of a bandage? | Tertiary/protective |
| Most casts are made of what material? | Fiberglass |
| What is the difference between a Robert Jones and a Modified Robert Jones? | Modified Robert Jones is not nearly as thick |
| What sling is used to immobilize a hind leg after a hip dislocation? | Ehmer sling |
| What sling is used to prevent stifle stiffening? | 90-90 Flexion sling |
| What sling is used to totally immobilize every joint in a front leg? | Velpeau's sling |
| What sling makes a dog/cat carry their fron leg? | Carpal flexion sling |
| What keeps the rear legs from adducting? | Hobbles |
Created by:
lsondermann
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