Pharm Midterm
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is an agonist? | Drug that brings out a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor.
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| What is an antagonist? | Drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor.
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| What is extralabel use? | Use of a drug that is not specifically listed on the USDA-approved label.
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| What is withdrawal time? | Length of time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from animal tissue.
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| 4 drug sources | Plants, minerals, hormones, bacteria/mold
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| 3 methods of selecting appropriate drug for pt. | symtomatic, diagnostic and empiracal
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| 4 pts of regimine | route of administration, dosage, frequency, duration
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| 4 technician responsibilities | correct drug, correct route and time, observe pt response to drug, question orders that are not clear
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| What is a steady state? | point at which drug accumulation equals drug elimination
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| Factors that effect absorption: | mechanism of absorption, pH and ionization status of drug, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area
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| 3 types of meds that can be inhaled | bronchodilators, antibiotics, anesthetics
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| Passive absorption: drugs move from *blank* to *blank* | high to low
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| Active transport: drugs move from *blank* to *blank* | low to high
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| Two factors that increase absorption | location administered, hydration status of pt
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| If drug has high lipid content or is nonionized, it meant that it will or will not pass through cell wall? | *Will*
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| Most drug metabolism takes place in: | Liver
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| Most drug waste excretes from: | Kidneys
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| Fiver parts of needle/syringe: | Needle,Hub, Barrel, Plunger, Dead area
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| Insulin syringe measures in: | Units
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| Microencapsulation: | drug form that stabilizes substances commonly considered unstable
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| Five RIGHTS a technician should follow: | Right patient, Right medication, Right dose< Right route, Right time and rate of admin
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| IV | ver rapid onset, shortest duration
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| IM | can cause nerve damage if given incorrectly
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| SQ | no hyperosmotic solution to be given this way
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| IP | onset and duration can be variable
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| ID | testing for tuberculosis
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| IC | for CPR or euthanasia
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| IA | injection into joint for local inflammation
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| Afferent | nerves that carry information toward CNS
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| Efferent | nerves that carry info toward muscles/glands
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| Autonomic Nervous System | part of PNS responsible for involuntary control
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| Somatic Nervous System | part of PNS responsible for voluntary control
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| fight or flight respons | sympathetic nervous system
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| neurotransmitters | norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine
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| Receptors | Alpha 1 & 2, Beta 1 & 2, Dopaminergic, Nicotinic, Muscarinic
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| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS | make up autonomic nervous system
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| Synapse | area where neurotransmitters work and current crosses
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| what do the turbinates do? | humidify and warm air
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| What is the job of alveoli | oxygen and CO2 exchange
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| when the mucus and cilia work together, what is their purpose? | remove debris
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| How does uremia affect the tissues of the body? | makes them mores sensitive to drugs
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| if pt has kidney issues, what diet should they be fed? | low sodium
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| binders | hold tablet together
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| coating | protects tab from breaking or absorbing moisture
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| Coloring agents | enhance appearance
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| Disintegrants | allow capsules to dissolve
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| Emulsifiers | allow fat and water soluble agents to mix so they do not separate
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| Fillers | increase bulk
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| Flavorings | enhance taste
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| Flow agents | prevent powder from sticking together
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| Humectants | hold moisture in product
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| Preservatives | prevent degredation
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| Sweeteners | improve taste
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| Thickeners | increase viscocity
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| Factors that influence absorption: | pH of drug, solubility, size/shape of molecule, presence and nature of disease, +/- food in GI tract, V/D - NO!
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| Drug storage sites: | fat, liver, kidney, bone
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| metabolized by */excreted by * | liver, kidney
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| kidneys excrete in 2 mechanisms: | glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
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| Drug label should contain (8): | drug name, drug concentration/quantity, name and addy of manufacturer, controlled substance status, manufacturers control number, expiration date, instructions, warning of adverse effects
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| Chemical Name: | describes molecular structure of drug
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| Cod or Lab name: | given by research and development
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| Compendial Name: | US Pharmacopoeia Plumbs book
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| Official Name: | same as compendial or generic
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| Proprietary or trade Name: | chosen by manufacturer, short and easily remembered
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| Generic name: | common name chosen by company
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| To include in medical record(4): | when, what, how, by whom
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| 4 portions of brain that deal w/ NS: | Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Medulla
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| CNS consists of: | brain and spinal cord
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| PNS consists of: | process that connects the CNS with various glands, muscles and receptors in the body
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| Neurons: | transmit info from point to point
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| Polarized: | Resting, fiber has + on outside and - on inside
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| Depolarization: | stimulus of sufficient magnitude raches the fiber, + becomes - and - becomes + in a wave down towards the synapse
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| Repolarization: | movement of charges back to original place
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| drugs effect is equal to: | # of receptors in teh effector and the drugs specificity for the recepto
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| Alpha 1 target: | arterioles, urethra, eye
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| Alpha 2 target: | skeletal muscle
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| Beta 1 target: | heart, kidneys
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| Beta 2 target: | skeletal blood vessels, bronchioles
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| Dopaminergic target: | kidneys, heart, mesentreric blood vessels
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| Resp passageways: | Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
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| Resp system functions: | oxygen-CO2 exchange, regulation of acid-base balance, body temp regulation, voice production
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| Distribution: | gases throughout the lungs
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| Diffusion: | movement of gases across the alveolar membrane
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| Perfusion: | supply of blood to alveoli
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| 3 goals for tx of resp dz: | control of secretions, control of reflexes, maintaining normal airflow to alveoli
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| Myocardium: | strong muscle tissue
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| Arrhythmias: | spontaneous depolarization of cardiac muscle or abnormalities of the conduction system
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| Arteries: | take blood to tissues
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| Stimulation Alpha 1: | vasoconstriction
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| Stimulation Beta 2: | Vasodilation
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| Cardiac output: | amt of blood heart is capable of pumping/min
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| Stroke volume: | amt of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole (preload)
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| 4 cardiac dz categories: | valvular, cardiac arrhythmias,myocardial dz, others
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| 4 tx of Cardio dz: | maintain/increase cardiac output, relieve fluid accumulations, increase the oxygenation of blood, ancillary tx
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| 3 small intestine sections: | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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