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Pharm Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an agonist? | Drug that brings out a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor. |
| What is an antagonist? | Drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor. |
| What is extralabel use? | Use of a drug that is not specifically listed on the USDA-approved label. |
| What is withdrawal time? | Length of time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from animal tissue. |
| 4 drug sources | Plants, minerals, hormones, bacteria/mold |
| 3 methods of selecting appropriate drug for pt. | symtomatic, diagnostic and empiracal |
| 4 pts of regimine | route of administration, dosage, frequency, duration |
| 4 technician responsibilities | correct drug, correct route and time, observe pt response to drug, question orders that are not clear |
| What is a steady state? | point at which drug accumulation equals drug elimination |
| Factors that effect absorption: | mechanism of absorption, pH and ionization status of drug, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area |
| 3 types of meds that can be inhaled | bronchodilators, antibiotics, anesthetics |
| Passive absorption: drugs move from *blank* to *blank* | high to low |
| Active transport: drugs move from *blank* to *blank* | low to high |
| Two factors that increase absorption | location administered, hydration status of pt |
| If drug has high lipid content or is nonionized, it meant that it will or will not pass through cell wall? | *Will* |
| Most drug metabolism takes place in: | Liver |
| Most drug waste excretes from: | Kidneys |
| Fiver parts of needle/syringe: | Needle,Hub, Barrel, Plunger, Dead area |
| Insulin syringe measures in: | Units |
| Microencapsulation: | drug form that stabilizes substances commonly considered unstable |
| Five RIGHTS a technician should follow: | Right patient, Right medication, Right dose< Right route, Right time and rate of admin |
| IV | ver rapid onset, shortest duration |
| IM | can cause nerve damage if given incorrectly |
| SQ | no hyperosmotic solution to be given this way |
| IP | onset and duration can be variable |
| ID | testing for tuberculosis |
| IC | for CPR or euthanasia |
| IA | injection into joint for local inflammation |
| Afferent | nerves that carry information toward CNS |
| Efferent | nerves that carry info toward muscles/glands |
| Autonomic Nervous System | part of PNS responsible for involuntary control |
| Somatic Nervous System | part of PNS responsible for voluntary control |
| fight or flight respons | sympathetic nervous system |
| neurotransmitters | norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine |
| Receptors | Alpha 1 & 2, Beta 1 & 2, Dopaminergic, Nicotinic, Muscarinic |
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS | make up autonomic nervous system |
| Synapse | area where neurotransmitters work and current crosses |
| what do the turbinates do? | humidify and warm air |
| What is the job of alveoli | oxygen and CO2 exchange |
| when the mucus and cilia work together, what is their purpose? | remove debris |
| How does uremia affect the tissues of the body? | makes them mores sensitive to drugs |
| if pt has kidney issues, what diet should they be fed? | low sodium |
| binders | hold tablet together |
| coating | protects tab from breaking or absorbing moisture |
| Coloring agents | enhance appearance |
| Disintegrants | allow capsules to dissolve |
| Emulsifiers | allow fat and water soluble agents to mix so they do not separate |
| Fillers | increase bulk |
| Flavorings | enhance taste |
| Flow agents | prevent powder from sticking together |
| Humectants | hold moisture in product |
| Preservatives | prevent degredation |
| Sweeteners | improve taste |
| Thickeners | increase viscocity |
| Factors that influence absorption: | pH of drug, solubility, size/shape of molecule, presence and nature of disease, +/- food in GI tract, V/D - NO! |
| Drug storage sites: | fat, liver, kidney, bone |
| metabolized by */excreted by * | liver, kidney |
| kidneys excrete in 2 mechanisms: | glomerular filtration and tubular secretion |
| Drug label should contain (8): | drug name, drug concentration/quantity, name and addy of manufacturer, controlled substance status, manufacturers control number, expiration date, instructions, warning of adverse effects |
| Chemical Name: | describes molecular structure of drug |
| Cod or Lab name: | given by research and development |
| Compendial Name: | US Pharmacopoeia Plumbs book |
| Official Name: | same as compendial or generic |
| Proprietary or trade Name: | chosen by manufacturer, short and easily remembered |
| Generic name: | common name chosen by company |
| To include in medical record(4): | when, what, how, by whom |
| 4 portions of brain that deal w/ NS: | Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Medulla |
| CNS consists of: | brain and spinal cord |
| PNS consists of: | process that connects the CNS with various glands, muscles and receptors in the body |
| Neurons: | transmit info from point to point |
| Polarized: | Resting, fiber has + on outside and - on inside |
| Depolarization: | stimulus of sufficient magnitude raches the fiber, + becomes - and - becomes + in a wave down towards the synapse |
| Repolarization: | movement of charges back to original place |
| drugs effect is equal to: | # of receptors in teh effector and the drugs specificity for the recepto |
| Alpha 1 target: | arterioles, urethra, eye |
| Alpha 2 target: | skeletal muscle |
| Beta 1 target: | heart, kidneys |
| Beta 2 target: | skeletal blood vessels, bronchioles |
| Dopaminergic target: | kidneys, heart, mesentreric blood vessels |
| Resp passageways: | Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles |
| Resp system functions: | oxygen-CO2 exchange, regulation of acid-base balance, body temp regulation, voice production |
| Distribution: | gases throughout the lungs |
| Diffusion: | movement of gases across the alveolar membrane |
| Perfusion: | supply of blood to alveoli |
| 3 goals for tx of resp dz: | control of secretions, control of reflexes, maintaining normal airflow to alveoli |
| Myocardium: | strong muscle tissue |
| Arrhythmias: | spontaneous depolarization of cardiac muscle or abnormalities of the conduction system |
| Arteries: | take blood to tissues |
| Stimulation Alpha 1: | vasoconstriction |
| Stimulation Beta 2: | Vasodilation |
| Cardiac output: | amt of blood heart is capable of pumping/min |
| Stroke volume: | amt of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole (preload) |
| 4 cardiac dz categories: | valvular, cardiac arrhythmias,myocardial dz, others |
| 4 tx of Cardio dz: | maintain/increase cardiac output, relieve fluid accumulations, increase the oxygenation of blood, ancillary tx |
| 3 small intestine sections: | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
Created by:
nlchandler87
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