Antifungals
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| What are the 2 most common fungal infections discussed in class? | Dermatophytes (ringworm) and Malassezia sp. (yeast)
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| Which fungal infection presents with circular skin lesions and is zoonotic? | Dermatophytes (ringworm)
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| How would you diagnose a fungal infection? | Clinical signs, skin scrapings, Wood's Lamp, fungal culture, ear smear
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| What drug is the first choice for ringworm infections? Dosage form? | Itraconazole; Oral
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| What is a Cheaper alternative to Itraconazole? | Fluconazole (Diflucan)
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| What form is it seen in and organism does it treat: Nystatin (Panalog/Anamax), Clotrimazole (Otomax) and Miconazole (Malaseb)? | Topical/yeast
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| What organism does Ketoconazole treat? | Dermatophytes (ringworm)
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| Superficial or Systemic Tx? Itraconazole Amphoteracin B Ketoconazole Griseofulvin Fluconozole/Diflucan | Itraconazole - Both
Amphoteracin B - Systemic
Ketoconazole - Both
Griseofulvin - Superficial
Fluconozole/Diflucan - Superficial
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| Superficial or Systemic Tx? Nystatin/Panalog Flucytosine Clotrimazole/Otomax Miconazole/Malaseb | Nystatin/Panalog - Superficial
Flucytosine - Systemic
Clotrimazole/Otomax - Superficial
Miconazole/Malaseb - Superficial
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| What are the 4 types of systemic infections discussed in class? | Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidiomycosis, Aspergillosis
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| What is the prognosis of cases of systemic fungal infections? | Poor
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| What are some presenting symptomes of a systemic fungal infection? | weight loss, dyspnea, chronic cough, lameness, skin lesions
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| How can systemic infections be transmitted? Is it zoonotic? | inhalation or direct contact; yes
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| Rural and hunting dogs are at highest risk for what systemic fungal infection? | Blastomycosis
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| Give 2 recommendations you would give a client treating ringworm in addition to drug therapy? | Disinfect/destroy bedding; clip hair over infected areas to allow better penetration of medication to the skin; use antifungal shampoos; Vx are available for cats.
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| What is an important direction to tell the client when their animal is prescribed griseofulvin? | Give with a fatty meal - increases absorption
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| What drug combination is commonly prescribed for Blastomycosis? | Ketaconazole/Nizoral tabs and Amphotericin B
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| What organ is most affected by Amphotericin B? | Kidneys
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| What drug works synergistically with Amphotericin B to treat Blastomycosis? | Ketaconazole/Nizoral
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| How does one become infected with Blastomycosis? | Inhaled from mold in the soil (sandy, acidic soils)
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| What organs does Blastomycosis affect? | Lungs then through blood and lymph to eyes, brain, bone, lymph nodes, urogenital system, skin and SQ tissues
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| What organs does Histoplasmosis affect? | Lungs
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| Where is Blastomycosis generally found? | Upper midwest and Canada
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| Where is Histoplasmosis generally found? | Southern states
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| Where does Histoplasmosis thrive? | Soil enriched with bird or bat droppings
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| What organs does Coccidiomycosis affect? | Lungs - esp. dogs
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| Where is Coccidiomycosis generally found? | SW states, Mexico and S. America
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| Where does Aspergillosis thrive? | Growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles or other decaying vegetations (hen houses). Farms.
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| What organs does Aspergillosis affect? | Respiratory, ears, liver, throat and mouth
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| What is the most common clinical symptom of aspergillosis? | Sneezing blood and compulsively scratching snout/nose
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