Anatomy VTNE Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | deals with the form and structure of the body and it's parts (what things look like and where they're located)
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| show | deals with functions of the body and its parts (how things work and what they do)
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| show | the left and right halves are essentially mirror images of one another and single structures are toward midline
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| What are the 2 main body cavities in the mammalian body? | show 🗑
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| dorsal body cavity | show 🗑
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| ventral body cavity | show 🗑
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| show | the diaphragm divides into the cranial thoracic cavity and the caudal abdominal cavity
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| show | thin membrane that covers all organs
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| visceral pleura | show 🗑
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| show | pleura that covers the the entire cavity
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| pluritis/pleurisy | show 🗑
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| show | lines the abdominal organs
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| peritonitis | show 🗑
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| show | the most basic unit
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| tissues | show 🗑
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| show | groups of tissues working together for the same purpose
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| show | organs with a common set of activities
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| homeostasis | show 🗑
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| prokaryotes | show 🗑
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| show | cells with a true nucleus
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| cells membrane/plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| show | fluid portion of the cells that suspends the organelles; enzymes and other proteins are produced here
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| show | small "organs" that carry out function in the cell
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| show | present in the cells of the digestive tract, projections that come out of the cell that help in absorption
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| cilia | show 🗑
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| ribosomes | show 🗑
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| show | produces ATP (energy)
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| endoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
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| golgi body | show 🗑
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| show | digestive enzymes
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| show | detoxify molecules
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| show | control center of the cell, maintains heredity function and controls cellular activities during protein synthesis
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| true or false: everything inside the cell other than the nucleus is genetic material. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| True or False: Protein intended for extra-cellular use and in the plasma membrane is synthesized in ribosomes evenly distributed throughout the cytoskeleton. | show 🗑
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| What three structures are found in the mammalian cells despite three billion years of evolution? | show 🗑
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| What are the principal components of cytoplasm? | show 🗑
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| How many mitochondria are in the average mammalian cell? | show 🗑
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| show | proteins
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| show | the cell membrane
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| What are the 4 types of tissues? | show 🗑
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| show | the study of economic structures that can be seen with the naked eye
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| show | microscopic study of organs
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| show | connective
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| fibroblasts | show 🗑
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| fibrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | dense regular connective tissue
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| What kind of tissue forms ligaments and the dermis of the skin? | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
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| show | inflammation
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| infection | show 🗑
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| Is scar tissue as strong as the original tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | substances the leave the body
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| keratin | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria and viruses
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| mucin | show 🗑
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| duct | show 🗑
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| show | spaces in loose connective tissue fill with body fluid in trauma
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| adipose | show 🗑
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| show | tough, specialized connective tissue
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| mucus membranes | show 🗑
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| True or False: Connective tissue has no direct blood supply and epithelial tissue is vascularized. | show 🗑
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| Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that contains an abundant supply of nerves. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| show | the basement membrane
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| show | mucus
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| show | vasoconstriction to control hemorrhaging
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| os, osteo | show 🗑
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| osteocytes | show 🗑
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| What is the 2nd hardest structure in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. support 2. protection 3. leverage 4. storage 5. hematopoiesis
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| show | prevents hypercalcemia by depositing excess calcium in bones
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| show | prevents hypocalcemia by withdrawing calcium from bones
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| show | spongy bone that is filled with marrow
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| show | heavy, dense, outside layer of bone
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| show | cells that form bone then supply minerals to harden it
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| osteocytes | show 🗑
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| osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| show | longer than wide
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| short bones | show 🗑
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| flat bones | show 🗑
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| irregular bones | show 🗑
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| show | marrow
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| red bone marrow | show 🗑
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| show | adipose but can revert back to red
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| show | large, round, articular surface
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| head | show 🗑
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| facet | show 🗑
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| process | show 🗑
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| show | hole in a bone; usually for a nerve or vessel to pass
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| show | sunken area in bone
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| show | short faced
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| dolicocephalic | show 🗑
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| maxillary | show 🗑
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| lacrimal | show 🗑
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| show | h-shaped and supports base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, and helps animal swallow
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| c1 (atlas) | show 🗑
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| c2 (axis) | show 🗑
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| show | flat bones that form the lateral walls of the thorax
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| show | breastbone that forms the floor of the thorax
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| scapula | show 🗑
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| show | long bone of the upper arm
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| show | radius and ulna
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| radius | show 🗑
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| ulna | show 🗑
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| show | 2 rows of carpal bones
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| metacarpal bones | show 🗑
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| phalanges | show 🗑
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| show | found in some tendons; irregular bones
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| How many bones does the pelvis begin as? | show 🗑
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| ilium | show 🗑
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| ischium | show 🗑
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| pubis | show 🗑
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| acetabulum | show 🗑
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| show | holes in the pelvis to lighten it
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| femur | show 🗑
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| show | knee cap
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| show | the patella
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| fabellae | show 🗑
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| show | main weight bearing bone in the lower leg
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| show | thin, but complete bone that parallels tibia
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| tarsal bone | show 🗑
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| show | similar to metacarpal bones
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| show | bone of the heart in cattle or sheep that support it
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| os penis | show 🗑
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| os rostri | show 🗑
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| show | junctions between bones
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| show | joint
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| fibrous joints | show 🗑
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| cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
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| synovial joints | show 🗑
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| flexion | show 🗑
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| extension | show 🗑
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| adduction | show 🗑
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| show | away from the medial plane
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| rotation | show 🗑
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| circumduction | show 🗑
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| hinge joints | show 🗑
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| show | rocking motion from 1 bone to another
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| show | one bone rotates around another
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| ball and socket joint | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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| myo | show 🗑
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| sarco | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasm of the muscle cell
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| show | skeletal muscle
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| tendon | show 🗑
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| show | broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue
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| origin of muscle | show 🗑
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| show | site of muscle that undergoes movement
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| show | rarely
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| show | directly produces desired movement
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| show | directly opposes prime mover
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| synergist | show 🗑
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| fixator muscle | show 🗑
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| What are the 7 ways skeletal muscles are named? | show 🗑
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| How many nuclei per cell do skeletal muscles have? | show 🗑
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| show | cardiac muscle
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| What muscle contracts with wave-like contractions? | show 🗑
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| non-striated involuntary muscle | show 🗑
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| show | 1. large sheets of cells in some hollow organs
2. small discrete groups of cells
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| What is the muscle of mastication? | show 🗑
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| What muscle contracts during inspiration? | show 🗑
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| cutaneous muscle | show 🗑
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| brachium | show 🗑
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| viscera | show 🗑
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| neuro | show 🗑
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| show | central and peripheral
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| show | cord like nerves that link the CNS to the rest of the body
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| show | sensory, motor, or integrating
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| neurons | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | support and protect neurons but are not involved in the central cell body
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| show | recieve stimuli or impulses from other neurons and conduct it to the cell body
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| show | conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body to a neuron or effector cell
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| effector cell | show 🗑
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| myelin | show 🗑
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| show | conduct nerve impulses toward the CNS
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| efferent nerve impulses | show 🗑
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| somatic nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | self-regulating system (smooth and cardiac muscle)
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| show | largest part of the brain
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| show | folds of the brain
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| show | shallow grooves of the brain
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| show | deep grooves of the brain
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| show | part of the brain just caudal to the cerebrum; responsible for balance, coordination, posture, and reflexes
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| show | passageway between cerebellum and brain stem
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| show | connects the brain and the spinal cord
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| What are the 3 things that make up the brain stem? | show 🗑
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| meninges | show 🗑
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| show | fluid that protects that brain and spinal cord from hard surfaces of the skull and spinal cord
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| show | barrier that separates the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue
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| cranial nerves | show 🗑
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| resting state | show 🗑
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| show | the outer layer of the brain
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| fenstrations | show 🗑
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| central canal | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| True or False: In fight or flight, activity in the GI tract is increased. | show 🗑
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| Axons in the CNS are covered by what? | show 🗑
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| When you pet a dog, what receptors send a sensation from the skin to that brain? | show 🗑
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| What part of the brain is responsible for learning, intelligence, and awareness? | show 🗑
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| Damage to this part of the brain can result in rapid death. | show 🗑
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| show | the capillaries
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| Somatic reflex arcs include what? | show 🗑
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| show | pupillary light reflex
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| What is the purpose of the endocrine system? | show 🗑
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| Where are hormones produced? | show 🗑
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| show | the nervous system
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| What product is produced in the endocrine system? | show 🗑
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| What is the basic unit of the endocrine system? | show 🗑
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| show | directly into the blood stream (ductless)
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| show | onto the epithelial surfaces through ducts
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| show | it changes some of the cell's activity
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| How is hormone secretion controlled? | show 🗑
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| show | in the brain-part of the diencephalon
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| show | appetite control, temperature regulation, and wake/sleep cycles
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| What hormones are the anterior pituitary responsible for? | show 🗑
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| show | growth, metabolism and increasing sugars
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| prolactin | show 🗑
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| show | growth and development of the thyroid gland, and causing the thyroid gland to produce hormones
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| show | stimulates growth and development of the adrenal cortex and the release of some of it's hormones
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| show | Females: growth and development of the ovaries
Males: spermogenesis
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| show | completes process of follicle development on the female
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| show | color changing in fish, reptiles and amphibians
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| show | no-stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus
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| anti-diuretic hormone | show 🗑
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| show | uterine contractions at time of birth and at mating causes contractions to help sperm to follicle
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| show | consists of 2 lobes on both sides of the larynx
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| thyroid hormone | show 🗑
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| show | maintains homeostasis in blood calcium levels by lowering calcium levels in blood in times of hypercalcemia
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| parathyroid hormone | show 🗑
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| show | the close proximity to the kidneys
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| glucocorticoid hormones | show 🗑
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| mineralcortocoid hormones | show 🗑
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| pancreas | show 🗑
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| insulin | show 🗑
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| glucagon | show 🗑
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| show | androgens and testosterone
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| What 2 hormones do the ovaries produce? | show 🗑
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| show | erythropoietin-stimulates red bone marrow to increase production of RBCs
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| show | gastrin- acts on stomach walls to produce acid and enzymes to aid in digestion
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| show | chorionic gonadotropin- tells +/- on a pregnancy test (indicates pregnancy)
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| What system controls hormone secretion? | show 🗑
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| show | hypophysis
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| show | somatotropic hormone
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| show | diabetes insipidus
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| show | balance
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| mediastinum | show 🗑
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| show | pericardium
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| show | myocardium
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| Between myocardium and the lining of the heart is thin layer of lining. What is this called? | show 🗑
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| Where is the base of the heart located? | show 🗑
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| show | bottom of the heart
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| show | largest most visible part of the atria (look like ears over the ventricles)
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| sulci (of the heart) | show 🗑
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| Are the ventricle walls or the atria walls of the heart thicker and why? | show 🗑
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| aorta | show 🗑
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| show | each contraction of the heart
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| systole | show 🗑
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| show | heart relaxes and blood refills
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| show | pacemaker of the hear; regulates heartbeat
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| show | Since the mother supplies oxygen and nutrients, the fetusus' blood supply bypasses it's lungs
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| show | at birth when it takes it's first breath
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| show | left side
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| show | right side
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| cardiac output | show 🗑
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| stroke volume | show 🗑
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| heartrate | show 🗑
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| show | blood pressue and fight or flight response
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| arteries | show 🗑
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| veins | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| What is the heart muscle called? | show 🗑
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| show | left ventricle
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| show | False
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| What are specialized fibers that conduct electrical currents? | show 🗑
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| show | capillaries
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| What effect does general anesthesia have on the cardiovascular system? | show 🗑
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| show | occurs in the lungs-exchange of oxygen and co2
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| internal respiration | show 🗑
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| phonation | show 🗑
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| olfactory | show 🗑
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| What organs are included in the upper respiratory tract? | show 🗑
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| nares | show 🗑
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| show | thin, scroll bones that occupy the nasal passages and help warm air
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| show | outpouches of pasal passages contained within the skull bones (named for what bone they are found in)
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| epiglottis | show 🗑
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| show | opening of the larynx formed by cartilages
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| What is included in the lower repiratory tract? | show 🗑
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| bronchi tree | show 🗑
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| show | bronchus-bronchi-bronchioles-alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs
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| alveoli | show 🗑
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| diaphragm | show 🗑
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| thorax | show 🗑
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| show | covers organs in thoracic cavity
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| visceral layer of pleuara | show 🗑
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| show | lines the thoracic cavity
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| show | diaphargm flattens
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| show | diaphragm goes back to its dome shape
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| show | volume of air inspired and expired in 1 breath
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| minute volume | show 🗑
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| show | volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration
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| show | the base
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| Where does the digestive system run? | show 🗑
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| What are other names for the digestive system? | show 🗑
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| show | plant eating
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| omnivores | show 🗑
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| carnivores | show 🗑
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| mono-gastric | show 🗑
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| show | mixing or fermentators; have3 multiple compartments in the stomach
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| show | 1. ingest food and water 2. digest and absorb food and water 3. excrete waste products 4. secrete hormones and enzymes 5. convert nutrients to energy
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| show | contractions that move contents along the digestive tract
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| segmentation | show 🗑
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| show | lips
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| show | 1. parotid 2. mandibular 3. sublingual
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| show | contains the upper arcade of teeth
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| mandible | show 🗑
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| occlusal surface | show 🗑
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| incisors | show 🗑
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| show | tearing teeth (tusks in some animals)
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| premolars | show 🗑
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| molars | show 🗑
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| lingual surface | show 🗑
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| show | faces the hard palate
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| labial surface | show 🗑
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| show | faces the cheeks
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|
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| What is the feline dental formula? | show 🗑
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| What is the canine dental formula? | show 🗑
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| show | tip of the tooth where the root and nerve enter
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| pulp | show 🗑
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| show | surrounds the tooth pulp and protects it
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| show | covers the root tip and helps fasten it securely in its socket
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| enamel | show 🗑
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| Where does the esophagus enter the stomach? | show 🗑
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| show | c-shaped
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| show | blind pouch that will expand to hold more food as it is swallowed
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| body | show 🗑
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| pyloric antrum | show 🗑
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| pylorus | show 🗑
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| show | 1 true stomach and 3 forestomachs
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|
||||
| show | smallest and most cranial compartment; honeycomb like compartment increases absorption
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| hardware disease | show 🗑
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| show | large, fermentive vat that processes plant-like material into energy
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|
||||
| show | has many muscular folds in the lining
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| abomasum | show 🗑
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| How is a young ruminants stomach different that a grown ruminant? | show 🗑
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||||
| Where are the majority of nutrients absorbed in the GI system? | show 🗑
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| show | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
🗑
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||||
| show | fold in the small intestine that help absorb nutrients
🗑
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||||
| show | fold on the villi that absorb nutrients
🗑
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||||
| show | layer of micro-villi
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 sections of the large intestines? | show 🗑
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| Is the cecum more developed in carnivores or ruminants? | show 🗑
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| Where is bile mainly produces and stored? | show 🗑
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||||
| What organ plays a part in both lubrication and digestion? | show 🗑
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||||
| What are deciduous teeth? | show 🗑
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| Milk in what compartment can cause serious disruption in normal fermentation? | show 🗑
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| What disease is characterized by decreased movement of ingesta in the intestines? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What vitamins are fat soluble? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where are bile acids made? | show 🗑
|
||||
| These salivary glands are located just ventral to the ear. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ascites
🗑
|
||||
| show | sublingual salivary glands
🗑
|
||||
| show | Megaesophagus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 6 functions of the kidneys? | show 🗑
|
||||
| hilus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | funnel shaped area in the hilus where urine forms
🗑
|
||||
| renal cortex | show 🗑
|
||||
| medulla | show 🗑
|
||||
| nephron | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | antidiuretic and aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| polyuria | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where do the ureters enter the bladder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone can result in what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Production of little urine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | process of cell division the produces reporoductive and ensures that the genetic makeup of each animal is different
🗑
|
||||
| when is the DNA of an animal the same? | show 🗑
|
||||
| chromosomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| diploid chromosomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| sex chromosomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | reduced number of chromosomes in the reproductive cell
🗑
|
||||
| mitosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| spermatogenesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| What sex chromosomes do sperm have? | show 🗑
|
||||
| oogenesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| When is the number of oocytes in the female determined? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1.) Produce sex hormones 2.)Produce sperm 3.) Deliver sperm to the female system at the appropriate time
🗑
|
||||
| testes | show 🗑
|
||||
| scrotum | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 main functions of the testes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| spermatozoan | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. head 2. midsection 3. tail
🗑
|
||||
| show | caplike structure in the head of the sperm that breaks into the oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| What is the part of the sperm that contains all of the power? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | at or soon after birth the testicles descend through these into the scrotum
🗑
|
||||
| gubernaculum | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | adjust testis position closer to the body or further based on temperature
🗑
|
||||
| show | links testis with rest of the body
🗑
|
||||
| paniform plexus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | moves sperm to the epididymis
🗑
|
||||
| show | carries urine and sperm out of the body
🗑
|
||||
| prostate gland | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the only reproductive accesory organ in dogs. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | secrete lubrications into the urethra before ejaculation
🗑
|
||||
| show | male breeding organ
🗑
|
||||
| show | body
🗑
|
||||
| What part of the penis do cats have spines on? | show 🗑
|
||||
| prepuce | show 🗑
|
||||
| os penis | show 🗑
|
||||
| bulb of the glans | show 🗑
|
||||
| sigmoid flexure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1.) recieve male reproductive cells, 2.) furnishes a site for the ovum 3.) provides an environment for the embryo/fetus 4.) carries pregnancy 5.) pushes the fetus into the world
🗑
|
||||
| ovaries | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 main functions of the ovaries? | show 🗑
|
||||
| oogenesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hormone that causes behavioral that prepare an animal for breeding and pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| show | hormone that prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 hormones influence the ovarian cycle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | species that typically give birth to 1 offspring at a time (humans, horses and, cattle)
🗑
|
||||
| multiparous | show 🗑
|
||||
| oviducts or fallopian tubes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | funnel-like fingers that catch the ova
🗑
|
||||
| show | womb where the fertilized ovum implants and lives until birth
🗑
|
||||
| placenta | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | musclar valve the closes off uterus from the outside world
🗑
|
||||
| show | birth and estrus
🗑
|
||||
| show | tube that recieves penis and breeding and acts as the birth canal
🗑
|
||||
| show | vulva
🗑
|
||||
| show | entrance to the vagina
🗑
|
||||
| show | female equal to the penis
🗑
|
||||
| labia | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the definitions of a full estrous cycle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | animals the cycle continuosly throughout the year
🗑
|
||||
| show | cattle and swine
🗑
|
||||
| seasonally estrous | show 🗑
|
||||
| What animals are seasonally estrous? | show 🗑
|
||||
| diestrous | show 🗑
|
||||
| What animals are diestrous? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | animals that only have 1 heat cycle a year
🗑
|
||||
| show | mink and fox
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Proestrus 2. Estrus 3. Metestrus 4. Diestrus 5. Anestrus
🗑
|
||||
| show | estrus
🗑
|
||||
| This is a period of temporary inactivity between breeding cycles? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | proestrus
🗑
|
||||
| show | spermaozoa and ova
🗑
|
||||
| show | Y
🗑
|
||||
| show | it contains the mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| show | cremaster
🗑
|
||||
| show | it is the site of attatchment for the testes in the fetus's abdomen
🗑
|
||||
| show | during ejaculation
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: Spermatozoa make up the majority of semen. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | dog, walrus, and racoon
🗑
|
||||
| The glans of this animal is covered with short spines. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | when it is enlarged, it is impossible for the male to withdraw from the female
🗑
|
||||
| show | boar, ram, and bull
🗑
|
||||
| What hormone must surge before ovulation will occur? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fallopian tubes
🗑
|
||||
| show | clitoris
🗑
|
||||
| show | the main part of the uterus
🗑
|
||||
| show | paired sheets of connective tissue that suspend the uterus from the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity and attatch to the abdominal wall
🗑
|
||||
| epididymis | show 🗑
|
||||
| vas defrens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cooler
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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