ASCP Histology Prep - Fixation & Lab Operation
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| Fixation is the... | show 🗑
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| Stabilization of proteins is done in order to prevent | show 🗑
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| show | denaturing of proteins
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| The most important step in the histology laboratory | show 🗑
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| show | preserve tissue in life-like state;prevent breakdown of cellular components; coagulate/precipitate proteins (insoluble);keep from losing proteins during processing
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| a good fixative will... | show 🗑
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| Autolysis | show 🗑
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| Putrefaction | show 🗑
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| T or F: Fixation brings out the differences in refractive indexes of tissues. | show 🗑
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| show | proteins, carbohydrates and lipids held loosely together by hydrogen bonds
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| Fixation changes the weak hydrogen bonds into | show 🗑
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| Fixation causes ________ linkage of protein molecules. | show 🗑
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| show | strengthening and hardening the tissue
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| show | fixation
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| Coagulation/Precipitation render the ________ more resilient. | show 🗑
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| T or F: Lipids in the cell are easily fixed. | show 🗑
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| show | (1) Osmium tetroxide (2) Chromic Acid
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| show | carbohydrates
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| show | A glycogen-storage form of glucose is retained during fixation. This is due to the entrapment by fixed proteins.
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| Nine factors which influence tissue fixation: | show 🗑
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| Osmolality is defined as... | show 🗑
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| show | isotonic
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| hypotonic solution will | show 🗑
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| hypertonic solution will | show 🗑
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| show | formaldehyde-acetic acid-mercuric chloride-methy alcohol-osmium tetroxide-picric acid
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| The rate of penetration is affected by _______. | show 🗑
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| show | the concentration of the fixative
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| NON-coagulant fixatives produce a gel that makes penetration difficult.Examples are... | show 🗑
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| show | Mercuric chloride; zinc salts; chromium trioxide; picric acid; and POTASSIUM DICHROMATE AT PH > 3.5
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| show | placed in a saline dampened gauze, put in plastic container and put on ice for the short holding time.
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| Kidney biopsy specimens for immunofluorescence frequently are held, or even mailed in ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Does NOT fix or destroy carbohydrates. Does NOT fix lipids. YES penetrates slowly. YES preserves nucleoproteins.
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| Acetic acid lyses _________, and thus their preservation is poor in in any fixative containing it. | show 🗑
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| Acetic acid warnings: | show 🗑
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| Formaldehyde is colorless ________. | show 🗑
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| Formaldehyde (manufacturer label) = Formalin (37%-40% in water) | show 🗑
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| Let's look at Stains...momentarily | show 🗑
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| show | Natural & Artificial
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| show | from natural resources (ie. HEMATOXYLIN)
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| Artificial dyes are | show 🗑
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| show | agency responsible for ensuring the quality of biological stains and -PROMOTE COOPERATION AMONG VENDORS
-EDUCATE USERS OF STAINS
PUBLISH INFO CONCERNING NEW OR IMPROVED STAINS
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| Biological stain commission DOES NOT | show 🗑
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| show | capable of imparting color chemically or physically binding with materials
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| show | the presence of color bearing chemical groups called CHROMOGENS
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| show | a PHYSICAL process by which the dye DISSOLVES DIRECTLY INTO elements int he sample.
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| ADsorption | show 🗑
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| show | the greater the concentration, the more the dye is bound to tissue components
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| show | increased temperature = increased rate of diffusion throughout the tissue
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| pH of the staining sollution | show 🗑
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| Tissue FIXATION | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| show | 1-6.9 ACIDIC.
7-7.4 NEUTRAL.
7.5-14 BASIC.
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| BUFFERS | show 🗑
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| BASIC stains love ACID tissue elements (nuclei & other basophilics) | show 🗑
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| OXIDATION = removal of electrons from molecules | show 🗑
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| show | alters and reorganizes certain molecular structures in tissue samples so that they have an increased permeability and are more receptive to staining.
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| show | Glycogen.
Neutral mucins.
Some epithelial mucins.
Basement membranes.
Fungal walls.
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| PAS with Diastase | show 🗑
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| PAS counterstain with _______ hematoxylin | show 🗑
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| show | rose red dye in the mucicarmine staining solution gets its color from the aluminum-carminic acid complex carmine
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| show | Nuclei are stained black with Weigert's Iron Hematoxylin and the remaining background tissue elements are stained yellow with Metanil Yellow or Tartrazine.
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| show | ADENOCARCINOMAS & Cryptococcus neoformans
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| Alcian Blue | show 🗑
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| Alcian Blue solution with a pH of 1.0 | show 🗑
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| Alcian Blue solution with a pH of 2.5 | show 🗑
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| show | both acid and neutral mucins can be demonstrated. Alcian Blue will stain acidic mucins blue. PAS will stain neutral mucins rose red. This technique is particularlyuseful in diagnosing diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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| glutaraldehyde is s dialdehyde and gives false result for PAS becuase | show 🗑
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| Glutaraldehyde fixes ____ and binds ________. | show 🗑
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