In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: is the...Answer: stabilization of proteins in Question: Stabilization of proteins is done in to prevent Answer: tissue destruction during steps in processing Question: stabilization is byAnswer: denaturing of Question: The most important step in the laboratoryAnswer: fixation Question: of fixation is:Answer: preserve tissue in life-like state;prevent breakdown of cellular components; /precipitate proteins (insoluble);keep from losing proteins during processing Question: a good will...Answer: penetrate tissue quickly + harden the tissue retain anatomical structure; maintain histological relationships so the cells can be studied Question: AutolysisAnswer: dissolving of cells by action Question: Answer: breakdown of tissue by bacterial action from within. also called postmortem Question: T or F: Fixation brings out the differences in indexes of tissues.Answer: True Question: The cell is ofAnswer: proteins, carbohydrates and held loosely together by hydrogen bonds Question: Fixation changes the weak hydrogen intoAnswer: stable bonded Question: Fixation causes ________ linkage of protein molecules.Answer: linkage Question: Cross links makes suitable for microtomy by...Answer: strengthening and the tissue Question: RNA and DNA are in the nucleus by the process of ...Answer: fixation Question: Coagulation/Precipitation render the ________ more resilient.Answer: nucleus.Giving it a sharper more appearance. Question: T or F: Lipids in the cell are fixed.Answer: False Question: Only 2 chemicals can fix lipids so they are not lost in processing.Answer: (1) Osmium tetroxide (2) Chromic Question: Some _________ are usually LOST during fixation.Answer: Question: A ________ - storage form of _________ is retained during fixation.Answer: A glycogen-storage form of is retained during fixation. This is due to the entrapment by fixed proteins. Question: Nine factors which tissue fixation:Answer: Temperature, Size, /Fixative Volume ratio, Time, Choice of Fixative, Penetration Capability, Tissue storage, pH, Osmolality Question: is defined as...Answer: the # of in a solution Question: normal Answer: isotonic Question: hypotonic solution Answer: cause tissue to swell (ie. acid) Question: hypertonic willAnswer: cause to shrink (ie. picric acid) Question: Fixatives in order of speed of penetration:Answer: formaldehyde-acetic acid-mercuric -methy alcohol-osmium tetroxide-picric acid Question: The rate of penetration is affected by _______. Answer: heat Question: The rate of penetration is NOT affected by _______. Answer: the concentration of the Question: NON-coagulant produce a gel that makes penetration difficult.Examples are...Answer: , glutaraldehyde, acetic acid, potassium dichromate, osmium tetroxide Question: Coagulant establish a network in tissue allowing penetration. Examples are...Answer: Mercuric chloride; zinc salts; chromium trioxide; picric acid; and DICHROMATE AT PH > 3.5 Question: Biopsy specimen which cannot be immediately placed in fixative be.Answer: placed in a saline dampened gauze, put in plastic container and put on ice for the holding time. Question: Kidney biopsy specimens for immunofluorescence frequently are held, or even mailed in ________. Answer: Michel transport . Question: Acid is a non-coagulant and...Answer: Does NOT fix or destroy carbohydrates. Does NOT fix lipids. YES penetrates . YES preserves nucleoproteins. Question: Acetic acid lyses _________, and thus their preservation is poor in in any fixative containing it.Answer: red cells Question: Acetic acid :Answer: add TO ; use under a hood; causes severe burns; exposure limit of 10ppm Question: Formaldehyde is colorless ________. Answer: Question: (manufacturer label) = Formalin (37%-40% in water)Answer: 37%-40% Question: Let's look at ...momentarilyAnswer: Question: 2 of dyes...Answer: & Artificial Question: Natural dyes Answer: from natural resources (ie. ) Question: dyes are Answer: from reactions (greatly outnumber natural dyes) Question: Stain CommissionAnswer: agency responsible for ensuring the of biological stains and -PROMOTE COOPERATION AMONG VENDORS
-EDUCATE USERS OF STAINS
PUBLISH INFO CONCERNING NEW OR IMPROVED STAINS Question: Biological stain commission DOES Answer: biological stains Question: Dyes are ...Answer: capable of imparting color chemically or physically with materials Question: Dyes color due to Answer: the presence of color chemical groups called CHROMOGENS Question: Answer: a PHYSICAL process by which the dye DIRECTLY INTO elements int he sample. Question: ADsorptionAnswer: the dye BINDS TO ELEMENTS IN THE SAMPLE that have an affinity for the dye. Question: CONCENTRATION of the Answer: the greater the , the more the dye is bound to tissue components Question: TEMPERATURE of the Answer: increased = increased rate of diffusion throughout the tissue Question: pH of the sollutionAnswer: cells have specific affinity for /dyes with specific pH ranges Question: FIXATIONAnswer: fixation alters and reorganizes molecular structures in tissue samples so that they have an increased permeability and are more receptive to staining. Question: T or F: Unfixed tissue elements have binding sites for dyes.Answer: TRUE Question: pH : 1 - 14Answer: 1-6.9 .
7-7.4 NEUTRAL.
7.5-14 BASIC. Question: BUFFERSAnswer: fluctuations in pH Question: stains love ACID tissue elements (nuclei & other basophilics)Answer: ACID stains love BASIC tissue elements (cytoplasm & acidophilic) Question: OXIDATION = removal of electrons from Answer: REDUCTION = adding Question: in the case of staining, Answer: alters and reorganizes certain molecular in tissue samples so that they have an increased permeability and are more receptive to staining. Question: show positive PAS (Rose Red) Answer: Glycogen.
Neutral mucins.
Some mucins.
Basement membranes.
Fungal walls. Question: PAS with Answer: used in conjunction with the PAS staining procedure to specifically identify glycogen granules in tissue samples. Amylase enzymes in a malt extract are used to digest the glycogen, which is then out of the tissue sample. Question: PAS counterstain with _______ hematoxylinAnswer: HARRIS hematoxylin with Acid Question: Answer: rose red dye in the mucicarmine staining solution gets its color from the aluminum-carminic acid carmine Question: Mucicarmine Answer: Nuclei are stained black with Weigert's Iron Hematoxylin and the remaining background tissue elements are stained yellow with Metanil or Tartrazine. Question: Mucicarmine is also used to Answer: ADENOCARCINOMAS & neoformans Question: Alcian Answer: has an affinity for acidic tissue elements like . The dye gets color from the copper in the molecule Question: Blue solution with a pH of 1.0 Answer: stains most SULFATED acid . These mucins can be found in cartilage, large intestine goblet cells and bronchial serous glands. Question: Blue solution with a pH of 2.5Answer: CARBOLYLATED mucins in connective tissues and cartilage. Question: Blue used with PASAnswer: both acid and neutral mucins can be demonstrated. Alcian Blue will stain acidic mucins blue. PAS will stain neutral mucins rose red. This is particularlyuseful in diagnosing diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Question: glutaraldehyde is s dialdehyde and gives false result for PAS Answer: its 2nd NH2 is left free to react w/Schiff (which is used to detect aldehydes). Question: Glutaraldehyde fixes ____ and binds ________. Answer: fixes and binds slowly |
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