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Fixatives
Fixatives Chapter One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water | 10% Aqueous formalin |
| Hypotonic | 10% Aqueous formalin |
| May produce formalin pigments | 10% Aqueous formalin |
| 37-40% formaldehyde, calcium chloride, distilled water | Calcium formalin |
| REcommended to fix and preserve phospholipids | Calcium formalin |
| 37-40% formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, distilled water | Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| acid in nature | Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| Recommeded for tissue of the CNS especially for the Cajal stain | Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| Lyses RBC's | Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| causes nuclei to give a positive schiff's reaction due to the feulgen hydrolysis fixation | Formalin Ammonium Bromide |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, Sodium acetate, distilled water | Acetate Formalin |
| This is one of the better formaldehyde solutions to use if one does not want to use a buffered reagent | Acetate Formalin |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, calcium or magnesium carbonate | 10% Neutralized formalin |
| Solution becomes acidic after withdrawal from the storage bottle | 10% Neutralized formalin |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| Recommended for routine formalin fixation | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| Hypotonic | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| pH is approximately 6.8 | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin |
| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium hydroxide | Modified millonig formalin |
| Isotonic | Modified millonig formalin |
| pH is around 7.2-7.4 | Modified millonig formalin |
| has a dual purpose it can alsco act as a fixative for electron microscopy | Modified millonig formalin |
| Less cellular elements are extracted making paraffin sectioning more difficult | Modified millonig formalin |
| 37-40% formaldehyde, absolute ethyl alcohol, distilled water | Alcoholic formalin |
| useful as a fixative on tissue processorsbecause it also begins dehydrating tissue | Alcoholic formalin |
| Sodium phsophate monobasic, sodium hydroxide, distilled water, gluteraldehyde | Gluteraldehyde |
| Make up before using | Gluteraldehyde |
| Most frequently used as a fixative for electronmicroscopy as prolonged fixation hardens tissues (two hours or less) | Gluteraldehyde |
| is an aldehyde like formalin but it is a dialdehyde | Gluteraldehyde |
| One aldehyde group cross links proteins, while the othere remains free to react with schiffs reagent | Gluteraldehyde |
| preserves ultrastructure better than aldehydes | Gluteraldehyde |
| Tissues fixed with gluteraldehyde can not be used in stains that use schiff's reagent | Gluteraldehyde |
| very corossive and all contact with metallic objects must be avoided | Mercuric chloride |
| is not used alone but is used in compound fixative bcuz it is a very powerful protein coagulant and enhances staining by leaving the tissue very receptive to dyes | Mercuric chloride |
| Its presence in tissue inhibits freezing so frozen sections are difficult | Mercuric chloride |
| fixation pigments cant be prevented when using mercury but it can be removed | Mercuric chloride |
| bcuz of hazards associated with it mercury has been replaced by zinc | Mercuric chloride |
| additive fixative | Osmium tetroxide |
| not routinely used in histopathology | Osmium tetroxide |
| primarily used to post fix specimens for electron microscopy to ensure preservation of lipids | Osmium tetroxide |
| can fix a small amount of fat so that the fat will be maintained during paraffin processing | Osmium tetroxide |
| only substance that is used as a fixative and a stain | Picric acid |
| coagulant fixative | Picric acid |
| strong enough acid to hydrolyze nucleic acid thereforeit can not be used to perform DNA and RNA stains | Picric acid |
| not a fixative of lipids or carbs | Picric acid |
| decalcify tissue with small calcium deposits such as breast | Picric acid |
| constituent of fixative for glycogen | Picric acid |
| wash out picric acid with 50% alcohol before processing | Picric acid |
| rarely used alone for fixation | Potassium dichromate |
| noncoagulant unless used in an acid solution, then it will act like chromic acid which is a coagulant | Potassium dichromate |
| chromium will attach to some lipids rendering them inslouble but it does not preserve them | Potassium dichromate |
| Preserves mitochondria but dissolves DNA | Potassium dichromate |
| chromate pigments can form but can be reduced by treating with an acidic alcohol solution | Potassium dichromate |
| have replaced mercury bcuz of its associated hazards | Zinc Salts |
| preserves tissue antigenicity, making digestion procedures unncessary | Zinc Salts |
| Superior nuclear detail and better paraffin infiltration than with formalin alone | Zinc Salts |
| B-5 | Compound fixative |
| Bouin | Compound fixative |
| gendre | Compound fixative |
| Hollande | Compound fixative |
| Zenker and Helly | Compound fixative |
| Orth | Compound fixative |
| Zamboni | Compound fixative |
| Zinc formalin | Compound fixative |
| Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, distilled water | B-5 |
| fixative for hemaptopoietic and lymphoreticular tissues bcuz it demonstrates beautiful nuclear detail | B-5 |
| remove mercury or pigments will occur | B-5 |
| Good stain for IHC and most special stains except silver stains | B-5 |
| picric acid(shrinking effect), 37-40% formaldehyde, glacial cetic acid(swelling effect) | Bouin |
| lyses RBC and dissolves iron and small calcium deposits | Bouin |
| excellent fixative form the trichorme stain | Bouin |
| Preserves structures with soft and delicate textures | Bouin |
| Formalin pigments can occur | Bouin |
| 95% alcohol saturated with picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid | Gendre |
| alcoholic bouin solution excellent for preserving carbs expecially glycogen | Gendre |
| Wash excess picric acid with 80% alcohol | Gendre |
| Copper acetate, picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde, distilled water | Hollande |
| Modification of bouin whic stabilizes RBC membranes and the granules of eosinphils and endocrine cells | Hollande |
| decalcify small bone specimens | Hollande |
| more widely used for GI tract bx | Hollande |
| Mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate,distilled water | Zenker helly stock solution |
| Zenker helly stock solution, Glacial acetic acid | Zenker |
| Tissue must be treated for mercury pigment if not treated, chromate pigments may also form | Zenker |
| Lyses erythrocytes | Zenker |
| Good nuclear fixative | Zenker |
| Good for performing mallory ptah | Zenker |
| Unsat for silver stains | Zenker |
| Zenker helly stock solution, 37-40% formaldehyde | Helly |
| Tissue must be treated for mercury pigment if not treated chromate pigment may also form | Helly |
| Formalin pigment may also occur | Helly |
| preserves erythrocyte | Helly |
| unsat for silver | Helly |
| Potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, distilled water, 37-40% formaldehyde | Orth |
| Not a good general purpose fixative | Orth |
| used to demonstrate chromaffin granules in the adrenal medulla | Orth |
| Paraformaldehyde, picric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphate buffer | Zamboni buffered picric acid formaldehyde (PAF) |
| not widely used, is a good general fixative, allows for secondary fixation after osmium | Zamboni buffered picric acid formaldehyde (PAF_ |
| zinc chloride, dionized water, 99% isopropyl alcohol, 37-40% formaldehyde | Alcoholic zinc formalin |
| Recommended as post fixative after NBF, antigenicity is enhanced and nuclear detail is improved | Alcoholic zinc formalin |
| antigenicity is enhanced and nuclear detain is improved | Alcoholic zinc formalin |
| Zinc sulfate, deionized water, 37-40% formaldehyde | Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin |
| formalin pigments can be formed | Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin |
| fix bx for 4-6 hours other tissues 6-8hours | Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin |
| absolute ethyl alcohol, chloroform, glacial acetic acid | Carnoy |
| its ability to lyse erythrocytes is why it is used in cytology | Carnoy |
| preserves glycogen | Carnoy |
| picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde | Rossman |
| similar to gender | Rossman |
| recommended for carbohydrates particularly glycogen | Rossman |
| glycogen is preserved by either trapping it within precipitated proteins or by being precipitated directly | Rossman |
| Chromic acid, osmic acid, acetic acid | Flemming |
| excellent cytoplasmic and chromosomal fixative, especially when the acetic acid is omited | Flemming |
| disadvantages, penetrates poorly, requires lenghthy washing and deteriorates rapidly | Flemming |
Created by:
nperez
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