Sensory system
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| Sclera | Outer white layer of the eye, anterior portion becomes the cornea
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| Cornea | Convex, clear part of the sclera
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| Choroid | Middle layer of the eye, lots of blood vessels
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| Retina | Innermost layer of eye, contains rods and cones to detect light
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| Rods | Neurons positioned in the peripheral areas of the retina that detect black and white
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| Cones | Neurons concentrated within the fovea centralis that detect color
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| Fovea centralis | Area of sharpest vision in retina
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| Iris | Colored part of the eye, composed of smooth muscle, controls amount of ligh by dilating or constricting the pupil
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| Pupil | Space or opening in iris
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| Crystalline lens | Clear structrue in the eye located between iris and vitreous humor responsible for adjustments to refract the incoming light rays on the fovea centralis
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| Ciliary muscle | Circular muscle that surrounds the lens, responsible for adjusting the size of the lens to refract incoming light rays on the fovea centralis
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| Suspensory ligament | Ligament made up of tiny fibers that connect ciliary muscle
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| Anterior chamber | Space between the cornea and lens filled with aqueous humor
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| Aqueous humor | Also known as aqueous fluid, clear, watery fluid that flows between and nourishes the lens and the cornea
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| Vitreous humor | Transparent, colorless mass of gel that lies behind the lens and in front of the retina and fills the center of the eyeball
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| Vitreous body | Clear, jelly-like substance that fills the center of the eye
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| Vitreous chamber | Space behind the lens filled with vitreous humor and vitreous body
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| Extrensic muscles | Muscles used for eye movement
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| Superior rectus muscle | Rotates eye away upward and toward midline
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| Lateral rectus muscle | Rotates eye away from midline
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| Inferior rectus muscle | Rotates the eye downward and toward the midline
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| Medial rectus muscle | Rotates the eye towards the midline
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| Superior oblique muscle | Rotates the eye downward and away from the midline
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| Inferior oblique muscle | Rotates the eye upward and away from the midline
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| Eyebrow | Shades the eye and prevents particles and perspiration from falling in the eye
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| Eyelashes | Shades the eye and prevents particles and perspiration from falling in the eye
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| Socket | Forms a bony rim around the eye to protect agains objects striking the eye
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| Eyelid | Moveable covering for the eye that brushes off particles and moves tears over the surface of the eye to keep it moist
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| Conjuctiva | External lining that covers the anterior surface of the eyeball and posterior surface of eyelid, prevents particles from scratching the cornea and prevents objects from moving posteriorly behind the eye
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| Lacrimal apparatus | Consists of tear producing glands and their ducts
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| Lacrimal gland | Almond shaped gland that secretes lacrimal fluid onto the upper lateral corner of the eye
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| Lacrimal fluid | Tears
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| Nasolacrimal duct | Duct through the lacrimal bone that carries tears from the eye to the nasal cavity
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| Pinna | External portion of the ear, used to collect sound waves and direct them into the middle and inner ear
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| Auricle | Pinna
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| External auditory meatus | Canal in temporal bone through wich the external ear canal runs
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| External acoustic meatus | External auditory meatus
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| Ceruminous glands | Specialized wax producing glands located in the tissue lining the external ear canal
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| Tympanic membrane | Detects sound waves
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| Ear drum | Tympanic membrane
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| Ossicles | Small bones of the middle ear, serve to amplify incoming sound waves
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| Malleus | Hammer
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| Incus | Anvil
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| Stapes | Stirrup
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| Auditory tube | Cannal that connects the middle ear to the pharynx, used to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
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| Eustachian tube | Auditory tube
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| Cochlea | Functional unit of hearing, contains the organ of corti
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| Organ of corti | Organ that transforms sound waves into nerve impulses
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| Vestibule | Cavity in the inner ear that is sensitive to gravity and linear movement of the head
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| Semicircular canals | Three bony canals that lie in each of the three cardinal planes, detect angular or rotational movement
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| Olfactory hairs | Sensitive portions of olfactory cells, lie in the epithelial tissue of the nose
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| Olfactory bulb | Structure positioned above olfactory hairs, relays sensory information from olfactory hairs to the olfactory tract
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| Olfactory tract | First cranial nerve
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| Olfactory cells | Neurons that sense smell
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| Taste buds | Receptors located mostly in the tongue that are sensitive to taste
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| Sweet | Tip of the tongue
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| Sour | Sides of the tongue
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| Bitter | Back of the tongue
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| Salty | Concentrated on sides of the tongue
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| Proprioceptors | Specialized receptors found in joints, tendons, and muscles that sense body position
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| Muscle spindles | Found in muscles and provide information about length or change in length of skeletal muscles
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| Golgi tendon organ | Golgi tendon apparatus
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| Golgi tendon apparatus | Organ where muscle joins tendon, protects tendon by preventing excess muscle tension from being applied to tendon
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| Photoreceptors | Sensitive to light
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| Baroreceptors | Sensitive to pressure
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| Chemoreceptors | Sensitive to pain
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| Thermoreceptors | Sensitive to temperature
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| Mechanoreceptors | Sensitive to body position
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| Myopia | Eyeball length increases
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| Hyperopia | Eyeball length decreases
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| Mallus is stimulated by | Tympanic membrane
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| Incus is stimulated by | Mallus
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| Stapes is stimulated by | Incus
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| Otitis media | Middle ear infection
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| Papilla | Bumps on the tongue covered with taste buds
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| Optic disk | Areawhere the optic nerve attaches to the eye and contains no rods or cones, "blind spot"
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