420 DRUGS PART 2
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| Bethanechol (Urecholine) | Muscarinic Agonists
Quaternary amine
USE: urinary retention/ileus
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| Carbachol (Isopto-Carbachol) | Muscarinic Agonists
Quaternary amine and non-selective muscarinic and nicotinic agonist
USE: Glaucoma
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| Cevimeline (Evoxac) | Muscarinic Agonists
USE: Sjogren's (dry mouth)
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| Pilocarpine (Isopto-Carpine, Salagen) | Muscarinic Agonists
Tertiary amine
USE: Sjogren's (dry mouth), glaucoma
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| Neostigmine (Prostigmin) | AChE inhibitors reversible
USE: Urinary retention/ileus, myasthenia gravis
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| Physostigmiine (Eserine-generic) | AChE inhibitors reversible
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| Ambenonium (Mytelase) | AChE inhibitor reversible
USE: myasthenia gravis
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| Edrophonium (Tensilon) | AChE inhibitor reversible
USE: myasthenia gravis
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| Difluorophosphate-DFP (Floropryl) | AChE inhibitors irreversible "organophosphates"
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| Echothiphate (Phospholine) | AChE inhibitors irreversible "organophosphates"
USE: glaucoma
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| Sarin | AChE inhibitors irreversible (cholinergic poisons, nerve gases)
5 hours before permanent
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| Tabun | AChE inhibitors irreversible (cholinergic poisons, nerve gases)
13 hours before permanent
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| Soman | AChE inhibitors irreversible (cholinergic poisons, nerve gases)
2 min before permanent
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| Malathion | AChE inhibitors irreversilble (Insecticide)
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| Varenicline (Chantix) | Nicotinic a4b2 partial agonist
USE: smoking cessation aid
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| Nicotine (Nicorette, Commit) | Nicotine receptor agonist
USE: smoking cessation
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| Ipratropium (Atrovent) | Anticholinergic
USE: asthma, COPD: decrease bronchial contraction and secretions
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| Tiotropium (Spiriva) | Anticholinergic
USE: asthma, COPD: decrease bronchial contraction and secretions
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| Atropine | Anticholinergic
USE: pre-op antisecretory
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| Atropine (AtroPen) | Anticholinergic
USE: overdose of muscarinic agonists or organophosphate poisoning
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| Atropine | Anticholinergic
USE: bradycardia, asystole: reduce dominant PNS tone-> dominant SNS tone (increase heart rate)
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| Darifenacin (Enablex) | Anticholinergic
USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter
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| Fesoterodine (Toviaz) | Anticholinergic
USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter
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| Oxybutynin (Ditropan) | Anticholinergic
USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter
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| Solfenacin (Vesicare) | Anticholinergic
USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter
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| Tolterodine (Detrol) | Anticholinergic
USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter
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| Trospium (Sanctura) | Anticholinergic
USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter
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| Dicyclomine (Bentyl) | Anticholinergic
USE: GI hypermotility and secretions
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| I-hyoscamine (Levsinex) | Anticholinergic
USE: GI hypermotility and secretions and infant colic
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| Methscopolamine (Pamine) | Anticholinergic
USE: GI hypermotility and secretions
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| Propantheline (Pro-Banthine) | Anticholinergic
USE: GI hypermotility and secretions
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| Scopolamine (Transderm Scop) | Anticholinergic
USE: motion sickness: decrease excessive stimulation of vestibular pathway
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| Homoatropine (Isopto Homatropine) | Anticholinergic
USE: mydriatic: to facilitate eye exam
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| Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) | Anticholinergic
USE: mydriatic: to facilitate eye exam
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| Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) | Anticholinergic
USE: mydriatic: to facilitate eye exam
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| Ondansetron (Zofran) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V
MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC
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| Dolasetron (Anzemet) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V
MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC
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| Granisetron (Kytril) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V
MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC
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| Palolosetron (Aloxi) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V
MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC
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| Alosetron (Lotronex) | 5-HT3 antagonist
USE: women w/ IBS-D
MOA: blockade of 5-HT3 receptors of ENS afferent fibers inhibit afferent and efferent effects of gut distention
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| Nonopiods: APAP, ASA, NSAIDS | USE: abortive therapy of mild migrane
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| Barbiturate hypnotics: butalbital/ASA/caffeine | USE: abortive therapy of mild migrane
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| Triptans | USE: abortive therapy of mild, moderate, severe migrane
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| Ergotamine tartrate (Ergomar)SL tablets | Ergot Alkaloids
USE: migranes
MOA: agonist and/or antagonist effects of 5-HT and a1 receptors
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| Dihydroergotamine D.H.E (Migranal, D.H.E. 45) | Ergot Alkaloids
USE: migranes
MOA: agonist and/or antagonist effects of 5-HT and a1 receptors
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| Ergonovine (Ergotrate) | Ergot Alkaloids
USE: prevention and treatment of postpartum atony and hemorrhage
MOA: agonist/antagonist of a1 and 5-HT2 receptors--> strong contractions of uterus --> compress uterine blood vessels
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| Methylergonovine (Methergine) | Ergot Alkaloids
USE: prevention and treatment of postpartum atony and hemorrhage
MOA: agonist/antagonist of a1 and 5-HT2 receptors--> strong contractions of uterus --> compress uterine blood vessels
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| Citalopram (Celexa) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Escitalopram (Lexapro) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Fluvoxamine (Luvox) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Paroxetine (Paxil) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Sertraline (Zoloft) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
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| Venlaflaxine (Effexor) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
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| Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
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| Duloxetine (Cymbalta) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
USE: fibromyalgia
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| Milnacipdran (Savella) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
USE: fibromyalgia
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| Mephobarbital (Mebaral) | Barbiturate
USE: sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant
ONSET: 60 min DURATION: 15 hrs (long)
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| Phenobarbital (Luminal) | Barbiturate
USE: sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant
ONSET: 60 min DURATION: 15 hrs (long)
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| Amobarbital (Amytal) | Barbiturate
USE: sedative, hypnotic
ONSET: 60 min DURATION: 8 hrs (intermediate)
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| Pentobarbital (Nembutal) | Barbiturate
USE: insomnia
ONSET: 15 min DURATION: 4 hrs (short)
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| Secobarbital (Seconal) | Barbiturate
USE: insomnia, pre-anesthesia
ONSET: 15 min DURATION: 4 hrs (short)
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| Thiopental (Pentothal) | Barbiturate
USE: anesthesia: sole or adjunct to other general anesthetics
ONSET: ~20 sec DURATION: 15 min (ultra-short)
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| Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) | Benzodiazepine
USE: anxiety, preanesthesia, alcohol withdrawl
ONSET: 40 min DURATION: 24-48 hrs (long)
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| Clonazepam (Klonopin) | Benzodiazepine
USE: Panic disorder, epilepsy, bipolar disorder
ONSET: 40 min DURATION 24-48 hrs (long)
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| Diazepam (Valium) | Benzodiazepine
USE: anxiety, preanesthesia, AED, muscle relaxant, alcohol withdrawl
ONSET: 40 min DURATION 24-48 hrs (long)
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| Alprazolam (Xanax) | Benzodiazepine
USE: anxiety, panic disorder
ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 24 hrs (medium)
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| Lorazepam (Ativan) | Benzodiazepine
USE: anxiety, preanesthesia, status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, preanesthesia, amnesia
ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 12-18 hrs (short)
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| Oxazepam (Serax) | Benzodiazepine
USE: anxiety, alcohol withdrawal
ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 12-18 hrs (short)
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| Temazepam (Restoril) | Benzodiazepine
USE: insomnia
ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 12-18 hrs (short)
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| Midazolam (Versed) | Benzodiazepine
USE: Preanesthesia, amnesia, induce/maintain anesthesia
ONSET: 4 min DURATION: <6 hr (ultrashort)
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| Triazolam (Halcion) | Benzodiazepine
USE: insomnia
ONSET: 4 min DURATION: <6 hr (ultrashort)
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| Buspirone (Buspar) | USE: anxiety
ONSET of efficacy is 1-2 weeks
MOA: serotonin receptor agonist, no effect on GABA receptor or GABA binding to GABA receptor
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| Eszopiclone (Lunesta) | Non-BDZs Hypnotics
USE: insomnia
MOA: agonist of BZ1 (omega1 receptor)
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| Zolpidem (Ambien) | Non-BDZs Hypnotics
USE: insomnia
MOA: agonist of BZ1 (omega1 receptor)
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| Zapelon (Sonata) | Non-BDZs Hypnotics
USE: insomnia
MOA: agonist of BZ1 (omega1 receptor)
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| Ramelteon (Rozerem) | Non-BDZs Hypnotic
USE: insomnia
MOA: agonist of melatonin receptors of suprachiasmatic nuclei= maintain carcadian rhythm or normal sleep-wake cycle
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| Chloral Hydrate Generic | Miscellaneous Older CNS depressants
USE: preop: anti-anxiety and sedation, postop: adjunct to opiates and other analgesics, hypnotic: loses effectiveness after 2 week therapy, prevent or suppress alcohol withdrawal symptoms
MOA: unknown
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| Meprobamate (Equanil) | Miscellaneous Older CNS depressants
USE: anxiety (reduced efficacy after 4 months)
MOA: unknown
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| Alcohol Ethanol ETOH | MOA: binds to different site on GABA receptor, inhibits activation of NMDA (excitory) receptors, effects on other channels and neurotransmitters
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| Disulfiram (Antabuse) | Miscellaneous Older CNS depressants
USE: treatment of alcohol abuse
MOA: cause acetaldehyde poisoning- inhibit ALDH-increase in acetaldehyde- vasodillation, intense throbbing headache, vomitting, sweating, vertigo, blurred vision, weakness, confusion
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| Phenobarbital | Older AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Status
MOA: block Na and Ca channels, increase duration of open Cl channels, decrease glutamate release
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| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Older AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Status
MOA: block Na and Ca channels, increase GABA release, decrease glutamate release
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| Valproic Acid (Depakene) | Older AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence, Status
MOA: block Na and Ca channels, increase GABA levels
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| Primidone (Mysoline) | Older AED
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| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | Older AED
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| Levetiracetam (Keppra) | Newer AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal
MOA: Increase GABA release, decrease glutamate release
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| Lamotrigine (Lamictal) | Newer AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence
OTHER USE: treat pain
MOA: block Na and Ca channels, decrease Glutamate release
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| Pregabalin (Lyrica) | Newer AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial
MOA: block Ca channels, increase GABA release, decreaase glutamate release
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| Gabapentin (Neurontin) | Newer AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence
OTHER USE: diabetic neuropathy pain, postherpitic pain, spinal cord injury, phantom limb pain
MOA: block Ca channels, unknown
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| Topiramate (Topamax) | Newer AED
USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence
OTHER USE: treat pain
MOA: Block Na channels, potentiate GABA inhibitory effect on GABA-A receptor, blocks glutamate receptors
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| Acamprosate (Campral) | USE: maintain alcohol abstinence
MOA: restore balance of GABA and glutamate activity, enhance action of GABA at GABA receptors, reduce neuronal hyper-excitability during alcohol withdrawl
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