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420 DRUGS PART 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bethanechol (Urecholine) | Muscarinic Agonists Quaternary amine USE: urinary retention/ileus |
| Carbachol (Isopto-Carbachol) | Muscarinic Agonists Quaternary amine and non-selective muscarinic and nicotinic agonist USE: Glaucoma |
| Cevimeline (Evoxac) | Muscarinic Agonists USE: Sjogren's (dry mouth) |
| Pilocarpine (Isopto-Carpine, Salagen) | Muscarinic Agonists Tertiary amine USE: Sjogren's (dry mouth), glaucoma |
| Neostigmine (Prostigmin) | AChE inhibitors reversible USE: Urinary retention/ileus, myasthenia gravis |
| Physostigmiine (Eserine-generic) | AChE inhibitors reversible |
| Ambenonium (Mytelase) | AChE inhibitor reversible USE: myasthenia gravis |
| Edrophonium (Tensilon) | AChE inhibitor reversible USE: myasthenia gravis |
| Difluorophosphate-DFP (Floropryl) | AChE inhibitors irreversible "organophosphates" |
| Echothiphate (Phospholine) | AChE inhibitors irreversible "organophosphates" USE: glaucoma |
| Sarin | AChE inhibitors irreversible (cholinergic poisons, nerve gases) 5 hours before permanent |
| Tabun | AChE inhibitors irreversible (cholinergic poisons, nerve gases) 13 hours before permanent |
| Soman | AChE inhibitors irreversible (cholinergic poisons, nerve gases) 2 min before permanent |
| Malathion | AChE inhibitors irreversilble (Insecticide) |
| Varenicline (Chantix) | Nicotinic a4b2 partial agonist USE: smoking cessation aid |
| Nicotine (Nicorette, Commit) | Nicotine receptor agonist USE: smoking cessation |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) | Anticholinergic USE: asthma, COPD: decrease bronchial contraction and secretions |
| Tiotropium (Spiriva) | Anticholinergic USE: asthma, COPD: decrease bronchial contraction and secretions |
| Atropine | Anticholinergic USE: pre-op antisecretory |
| Atropine (AtroPen) | Anticholinergic USE: overdose of muscarinic agonists or organophosphate poisoning |
| Atropine | Anticholinergic USE: bradycardia, asystole: reduce dominant PNS tone-> dominant SNS tone (increase heart rate) |
| Darifenacin (Enablex) | Anticholinergic USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter |
| Fesoterodine (Toviaz) | Anticholinergic USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter |
| Oxybutynin (Ditropan) | Anticholinergic USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter |
| Solfenacin (Vesicare) | Anticholinergic USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter |
| Tolterodine (Detrol) | Anticholinergic USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter |
| Trospium (Sanctura) | Anticholinergic USE: urinary incontinence: relax detrusor/contract internal sphincter |
| Dicyclomine (Bentyl) | Anticholinergic USE: GI hypermotility and secretions |
| I-hyoscamine (Levsinex) | Anticholinergic USE: GI hypermotility and secretions and infant colic |
| Methscopolamine (Pamine) | Anticholinergic USE: GI hypermotility and secretions |
| Propantheline (Pro-Banthine) | Anticholinergic USE: GI hypermotility and secretions |
| Scopolamine (Transderm Scop) | Anticholinergic USE: motion sickness: decrease excessive stimulation of vestibular pathway |
| Homoatropine (Isopto Homatropine) | Anticholinergic USE: mydriatic: to facilitate eye exam |
| Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) | Anticholinergic USE: mydriatic: to facilitate eye exam |
| Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) | Anticholinergic USE: mydriatic: to facilitate eye exam |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC |
| Dolasetron (Anzemet) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC |
| Granisetron (Kytril) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC |
| Palolosetron (Aloxi) | 5-HT3 receptor antagonists USE: prevent N&V associated with emetogenic chemotherapy or radiation, prevention and treatment of post-op N&V MOA: block 5-HT3 receptors of vagal afferent nerve plus those in CTZ and EC |
| Alosetron (Lotronex) | 5-HT3 antagonist USE: women w/ IBS-D MOA: blockade of 5-HT3 receptors of ENS afferent fibers inhibit afferent and efferent effects of gut distention |
| Nonopiods: APAP, ASA, NSAIDS | USE: abortive therapy of mild migrane |
| Barbiturate hypnotics: butalbital/ASA/caffeine | USE: abortive therapy of mild migrane |
| Triptans | USE: abortive therapy of mild, moderate, severe migrane |
| Ergotamine tartrate (Ergomar)SL tablets | Ergot Alkaloids USE: migranes MOA: agonist and/or antagonist effects of 5-HT and a1 receptors |
| Dihydroergotamine D.H.E (Migranal, D.H.E. 45) | Ergot Alkaloids USE: migranes MOA: agonist and/or antagonist effects of 5-HT and a1 receptors |
| Ergonovine (Ergotrate) | Ergot Alkaloids USE: prevention and treatment of postpartum atony and hemorrhage MOA: agonist/antagonist of a1 and 5-HT2 receptors--> strong contractions of uterus --> compress uterine blood vessels |
| Methylergonovine (Methergine) | Ergot Alkaloids USE: prevention and treatment of postpartum atony and hemorrhage MOA: agonist/antagonist of a1 and 5-HT2 receptors--> strong contractions of uterus --> compress uterine blood vessels |
| Citalopram (Celexa) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Escitalopram (Lexapro) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Fluvoxamine (Luvox) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Paroxetine (Paxil) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Sertraline (Zoloft) | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Venlaflaxine (Effexor) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) |
| Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) |
| Duloxetine (Cymbalta) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) USE: fibromyalgia |
| Milnacipdran (Savella) | Serotonin/NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) USE: fibromyalgia |
| Mephobarbital (Mebaral) | Barbiturate USE: sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant ONSET: 60 min DURATION: 15 hrs (long) |
| Phenobarbital (Luminal) | Barbiturate USE: sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant ONSET: 60 min DURATION: 15 hrs (long) |
| Amobarbital (Amytal) | Barbiturate USE: sedative, hypnotic ONSET: 60 min DURATION: 8 hrs (intermediate) |
| Pentobarbital (Nembutal) | Barbiturate USE: insomnia ONSET: 15 min DURATION: 4 hrs (short) |
| Secobarbital (Seconal) | Barbiturate USE: insomnia, pre-anesthesia ONSET: 15 min DURATION: 4 hrs (short) |
| Thiopental (Pentothal) | Barbiturate USE: anesthesia: sole or adjunct to other general anesthetics ONSET: ~20 sec DURATION: 15 min (ultra-short) |
| Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) | Benzodiazepine USE: anxiety, preanesthesia, alcohol withdrawl ONSET: 40 min DURATION: 24-48 hrs (long) |
| Clonazepam (Klonopin) | Benzodiazepine USE: Panic disorder, epilepsy, bipolar disorder ONSET: 40 min DURATION 24-48 hrs (long) |
| Diazepam (Valium) | Benzodiazepine USE: anxiety, preanesthesia, AED, muscle relaxant, alcohol withdrawl ONSET: 40 min DURATION 24-48 hrs (long) |
| Alprazolam (Xanax) | Benzodiazepine USE: anxiety, panic disorder ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 24 hrs (medium) |
| Lorazepam (Ativan) | Benzodiazepine USE: anxiety, preanesthesia, status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, preanesthesia, amnesia ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 12-18 hrs (short) |
| Oxazepam (Serax) | Benzodiazepine USE: anxiety, alcohol withdrawal ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 12-18 hrs (short) |
| Temazepam (Restoril) | Benzodiazepine USE: insomnia ONSET: 12 min DURATION: 12-18 hrs (short) |
| Midazolam (Versed) | Benzodiazepine USE: Preanesthesia, amnesia, induce/maintain anesthesia ONSET: 4 min DURATION: <6 hr (ultrashort) |
| Triazolam (Halcion) | Benzodiazepine USE: insomnia ONSET: 4 min DURATION: <6 hr (ultrashort) |
| Buspirone (Buspar) | USE: anxiety ONSET of efficacy is 1-2 weeks MOA: serotonin receptor agonist, no effect on GABA receptor or GABA binding to GABA receptor |
| Eszopiclone (Lunesta) | Non-BDZs Hypnotics USE: insomnia MOA: agonist of BZ1 (omega1 receptor) |
| Zolpidem (Ambien) | Non-BDZs Hypnotics USE: insomnia MOA: agonist of BZ1 (omega1 receptor) |
| Zapelon (Sonata) | Non-BDZs Hypnotics USE: insomnia MOA: agonist of BZ1 (omega1 receptor) |
| Ramelteon (Rozerem) | Non-BDZs Hypnotic USE: insomnia MOA: agonist of melatonin receptors of suprachiasmatic nuclei= maintain carcadian rhythm or normal sleep-wake cycle |
| Chloral Hydrate Generic | Miscellaneous Older CNS depressants USE: preop: anti-anxiety and sedation, postop: adjunct to opiates and other analgesics, hypnotic: loses effectiveness after 2 week therapy, prevent or suppress alcohol withdrawal symptoms MOA: unknown |
| Meprobamate (Equanil) | Miscellaneous Older CNS depressants USE: anxiety (reduced efficacy after 4 months) MOA: unknown |
| Alcohol Ethanol ETOH | MOA: binds to different site on GABA receptor, inhibits activation of NMDA (excitory) receptors, effects on other channels and neurotransmitters |
| Disulfiram (Antabuse) | Miscellaneous Older CNS depressants USE: treatment of alcohol abuse MOA: cause acetaldehyde poisoning- inhibit ALDH-increase in acetaldehyde- vasodillation, intense throbbing headache, vomitting, sweating, vertigo, blurred vision, weakness, confusion |
| Phenobarbital | Older AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Status MOA: block Na and Ca channels, increase duration of open Cl channels, decrease glutamate release |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Older AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Status MOA: block Na and Ca channels, increase GABA release, decrease glutamate release |
| Valproic Acid (Depakene) | Older AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence, Status MOA: block Na and Ca channels, increase GABA levels |
| Primidone (Mysoline) | Older AED |
| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | Older AED |
| Levetiracetam (Keppra) | Newer AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal MOA: Increase GABA release, decrease glutamate release |
| Lamotrigine (Lamictal) | Newer AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence OTHER USE: treat pain MOA: block Na and Ca channels, decrease Glutamate release |
| Pregabalin (Lyrica) | Newer AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial MOA: block Ca channels, increase GABA release, decreaase glutamate release |
| Gabapentin (Neurontin) | Newer AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence OTHER USE: diabetic neuropathy pain, postherpitic pain, spinal cord injury, phantom limb pain MOA: block Ca channels, unknown |
| Topiramate (Topamax) | Newer AED USE: Simple&Complex Partial, Grand Mal, Absence OTHER USE: treat pain MOA: Block Na channels, potentiate GABA inhibitory effect on GABA-A receptor, blocks glutamate receptors |
| Acamprosate (Campral) | USE: maintain alcohol abstinence MOA: restore balance of GABA and glutamate activity, enhance action of GABA at GABA receptors, reduce neuronal hyper-excitability during alcohol withdrawl |
Created by:
lmcajigal
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