Penn Foster Vet Tech Behavior
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| Behaviorism | the ethological approach that states behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed
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| Classical conditioning | the type of conditioned learning that associates stimuli occurring at approximately the same time or in roughly the same area
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| Classical Ethology | The ethological approach asserting that much of what animals know is instinctive or innate
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| Conditioned Stimulus | Sensory input unrelated to a simple reflex behavior
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| Ethology | The study of animal organisms as descended from common ancestors
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| Evolution | The scientific theory that characterizes all related organisms as descended from common ancestors
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| Fixed action patterns | a term used by early ethologists to describe stereotypical or predictable behaviors of a species
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| Function | In ethological terms, survival value
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| Habituation | The process of learning that certain objects and events have little bearing on survival and can thus be ignored
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| Imprinting | The acquisition in the very young of certain fixed action patterns
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| Innate | Instinctive
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| Instinct | A complex of unlearned responses characteristic of a species
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| Instrumental Learning | Learning by trial and error
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| Natural Selection | The process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment
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| Naturalists | Natural Scientists
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| Nature-Nurture Controversy | The crux of towo opposing schools; Classical ethology, which views animal behavior as primarily instinctive, and animal psychology, which views animal behavior as primarily learned
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| Operant Conditioning | The type of conditioned learning that associates a certain activity, kown as the operant, with punishment or reward
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| Operant | Functioning or tending to produce effects
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| Postparturition | After giving birth to offspring
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| Sensitive Period | A specific stage early in an animal's life when imprinting occurs
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| Social Behavior | The ways individual members of the same species interact with one another
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| Socialization | The process of adapting to contact with others
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| Sociobiology | The study of the biological bases of social behavior
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| Spraying | Staining vertical services with strong smelling urine
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| Stimulus Response Theory | The pschological school of thought stating that all complex forms of behavior, including emotions, thoughts, and habits are complex muscular and gladular responses that can be observed and measured
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| Territorial | Prone to defining and defending areas of sleep, eating, exercise and play
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| Unconditioned Response | A simple reflex behavior
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| Unconditioned Stimulus | Sensory input that produces a simple reflex behavior
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| Wobble | A training maneuver designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand its perched upon
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| Recognition of Individuals | The process that allows animals to distinguish their place in a social context broader than their relationship with primary caregivers
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| House soiling | Urinating or defecating inside the home
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| Dance | A complex pattern of movements performed by a bee that directs other bees to a food source
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| Breaking Litter Box Training | When a cat urinates or defecates someplace other than its litterbox
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| Initial behavior modification sessions should last no more than ____ minutes | 5 minutes
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| What is the goal of reprimanding a pet? | The goal of reprimanding a pet is to associate a behavior with danger or disorientation
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| What is the behavior modification technique that involves elimination of a probelm behavior by completely removing the reinforcement for the behavior | extinction
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| What do long-term pharmaceutical approaches to problem behavior usually involve | Haromones
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| What is one of the best ways to correct a biting habit in birds | Wobble
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| Instincts | Inherited or genetically coded responses to environmental stimuli
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| For positive reinforcement to be effective, the pleasant event must occure within ____ seconds of the behavior | 20 seconds
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| What is an aggression that ananimal learns to avoid an uncomfortable stimulus? | conflict-related
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| What is a dog suffering from when he exhibits destructive behavior only when the owners are away | separation anxiety
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| What type of aggression is an animal most likely exhibiting that doesn't give a warning or threat prior to biting? | Predatory Aggression
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| What is the first age period for a puppy to learn fear that will affect it for the rest of its life | 8-10 weeks
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| What do the best techniques for housbreaking involve | Positive Reinforcement
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| When does the critical socializtion period for felines occur? | Between 2 and 8 weeks of age
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| What should multiple-cat households have | A least as many litter boxes as cats
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| When do pupplies and kittens learn to interact with their own species? | During the Critical Period
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| What is the survival value of certain types of behavior often reffered to? | Function
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| Who is considered the foremost expert on the mechanism of operant conditioning? | B.F. Skinner
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| Briefly describe Pavlov's famous experiment in classical conditioning | Pavlov discovered that dogs automatically began to salivate at the sight of food. If he always rang a bell when he offered food, the dogs began to slowly associate theis unrelated stimulus with food. In time the sound of the bell alone would cause the d
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| Who formulated the stimulus response theorty | John B. Watson
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| Who was the American psychologist that originated behaviorism? | John B. Watson
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| What theory was published in 1859, in a book entitled "On the Origin of Species?" | Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
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| Whose theories laid the foundation for classical ethology? | Charles Darwin's theories
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| Classical conditioning was based on whose experiments? | It was based on Pavlov's experiments
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| What is an example of B.F. Skinner's experiments based on operant conditioning? | A classic example of experiments he devised involved teaching a rat to press a bar for food
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| What did ethologits Niko Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch, and Konrad lorenz win a Nobel prize in 1973 | They shared the Nobel Prize for their discoveries about the ways individual and social behavior patterns develop in groupings of animals
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| Positive Reinforcement | Any immediate pleasant occurance that follows a behavior
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| Negative Reinforcement | Anyimmediate unpleasant occurance used to create a desired behavior
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| Punishment | It is used to decrease a behavior (rather than increase a behavior as in negative reinforcement)
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| Positive Punishment | It involves "adding" a undesirable occurance to decrease a behavior
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| Negative Punishment | It involves "removing" a desirable occurance to decrease a behavior
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| When does the critical socialization period for dogs occur? | From 4 to 14 weeks
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| Aggression | Behavior bred from an impulse to harm another being
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| When do puppies tend to develop fear-induced aggression? | Between 8 and 10 weeks of age and near puberty
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| Separation Anxiety | The bond is so strong that the dog feels anxiety when separated from the owner
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| Conflict-related Aggression | Conflict-related aggression occurs when a dog is exposed to an uncomfortable or uncertain stimulus or conflict. The dog has learned that aggression will allow it to avoid the conflict and uses aggression to lessen its fear of the stimulus
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| Avoidance Conditioning | Learning that aggression will avoid conflict
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| Fear-induced Aggression | Fear-induced aggression occurs whenever an animal is in a position from which it cannot escape. This is the most common type of aggressin seen in animal hospitals.
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| Predatory Agression | Instinct to hunt. Predatory aggression differs from other forms of aggression in that the animal won't first give a woarning in the form of a growl or other threatening behavior
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| Pain-induced Agression | Aggressive behavior related to pain is a protective instinct
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| Inter-male Agression | Male dogs and cats commonly display aggession towards each other. This natural instinct is nearly eliminated by castration
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| Territorial Aggression | Aggressive tendencies related to territoy. Dogs have a tendency to be aggressive toweard humans that aren't family members, while cats tend to be aggressive towards other cats in their perceived territory.
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| Maternal Agression | Rare, but a normal instinct in the postparturition period developed to protect an animal's yound from danger
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| What are the most common problems bird owners confront? | 1. Persistant screaming or squawking 2.Biting
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| What are reasons a bird screams or squawks? | 1. Birds usually scream at dawn and dusk 2. Distress 3. Stress form environmental noise 4. To alert owners they have forgotten to give them food or water.
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| What are 3 reasons that birds bite? | 1. Fear 2. Excitement 3. Aggression
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| What are the most common problems rodent owners confront | 1. Biting 2. Agression towards other rodents
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| What screening tool can help identify potential problems and allow the practice to provide counseling before the problem becomes life threatening? | Behavioral History Form
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| What are 4 basic factors that apply to all forms of treatment for problem behaviors? | 1. Trust 2. Reward 3. Reprimand 4. Consistancy
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| What are the two basic kinds of rewards? | 1. Edible 2. Vocal
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| What are common treatment techniques for behavior modification? | 1. Command-response-reward 2. Clicker training 3. Extinction 4. Aversion Therapy 5. Avoidance Therapy 6. Habituation 7. Punishment 8. Counterconditioning 9. Desensitization
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| Command-Response-Reward technique | This technique involves giving a command and immediately rewarding the desired response everytime it is performed, until the pet responds consistantly.
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| Clicker Training | A clicker is used to signal to the animal that it performed th right behavior and will receive a reward.
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| Extinction | Elimination of a problem behavior by completely removing the reinforcement for the behavior. ie. begging for food-stop giving food when it begs
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| Aversion Therapy | Creating a relationship between an unpleasant stimulus and an object that the nimal may be marking, chewing, or otherwise damaging. It is used to keep the animal away from a particular object or area. ie. double-sided sticky tape on a counter to keep cat
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| Avoidance Therapy | The use of negative reinforcement to diminish a problem behavior. It is used to discourage the animal from displaying a particular behavior. ie. squirting dog with hose whenever he barks (dog sholdn't see owner)
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| Habituation | Used to treat minor behavior problems. It involves surrounding the animal with stimulus causing the problem until the animal becomes acclimated to the stimulus and is no longer afraid of it.
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| Punishment | punishment is used to eliminate an undesireable behavior, NOT used to create a desired behavior, as in negative reinforcement
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| Counterconditioning | Replaces an undesirable behavior with a desirabe one. it takes a stimulus linded to a negativ eemotion and reconditions/counterconditions the animal by linking the stimulus to be a positive emotional response.
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| Desensitization | Diminishing a particular behavior by gradually exposing the animal to the stimulus that produces the inappropriate response. ie. slowly introducing dog to kids
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| What is the most common Pharmaceutical therapy employed | Harmonal therapy, which involves administration of gonadal hormones, in particular, progestin.
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| What are 3 other methods to treat behavior problems other than through training techniques | 1. Environmental modification i.e. moving litterbox 2. Surgical Approaches i.e. spaying/neutiering 3. Pharmaceutical Therapy (last resort)
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| Dominance aggression | Aggression that may occur when an owner attempts to assert dominance over a dog, such as by taking its food bowl or toy away
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| Treatment Techniques for birds | 1. Move cage's location to quiet squawking 2. Cover cage for 5-10 minutes to quiet squawking
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| What procedure is used to train a rodent not to bite when being handled | Place cage in tub 2. Lift animal from cage with a cup and place it in th tub 3. Allow the animal some time to calm down and ge used to tub 4. climb in tub with animal 5. still while animal adjusts to your presence 6. hold hand out on bottom of tub and le
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