Digestive System lecture 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adominopelvic cavity | extends from the diaphragm to the boney pelvis
🗑
|
||||
| quandrants | upper right, lower right, upper left, lower left
🗑
|
||||
| regions | right/left hypochondriac region, epigastric region, right/left lumbar region, umbilical region, right/left iliac region, hypogastric region
🗑
|
||||
| peritonuem | serous membrane that lines theabdominopelvic cavity and supports and covers most of the organs located within this cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal peritoneum | lines body cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Visceral peritoneum | covers organs (stuck on it)
🗑
|
||||
| Peritoneal cavity | space between th parietal and visceral peritoneum which contains a small amount of peritoneal fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Special Peritoneal membranes | (folds, double layers in regions of the GI tract) isolates and protects organs, supports organs and blood vessels, attaches organs to body wall, stores fat
🗑
|
||||
| Greater omentum | suspended from the inferior curvature of the stomach
🗑
|
||||
| lesser omentum | attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver (superior part of stomach)
🗑
|
||||
| Falciform ligament | tough (dura-like) attaches th liver to the inferior side of the diaphragm and the anterior of the body wall
🗑
|
||||
| Mesentery | attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
🗑
|
||||
| Mesocolon | attaches the large intesine to the posterior abdominal wall
🗑
|
||||
| Retroperitoneal | "behind the peritoneum" only covered on the anterior side
🗑
|
||||
| Organs that are retropitoneal | pancreas, kidneys, portion of the duodenum, ascending and descending colon
🗑
|
||||
| Peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum. may be serious because infection can readily spred throughout the peritoneal cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Location of the stomach | mostly in the upper left quadrant, between the esophagus and small intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Structure of the stomach | J-shaped, divided into 4 regions
🗑
|
||||
| 4 regions of the stomach | cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus
🗑
|
||||
| borders of the stomach | lesser cuvature (superior) and greater curvature (inferior)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the stomach? | circular, longitudinal and oblique
🗑
|
||||
| Rugae | folds in the mucosal layer of the stomach, permits the stomachto distend (increases surface area for secretion and digestion)
🗑
|
||||
| Gastric glands | chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells, enteroendocrine cells
🗑
|
||||
| Chief cells | (zygomatic cells) produce pepsinogen which is converted to active enzyme pepsin for protien digestion
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal cells | produces HCl which decreases the pH of the stomach contents, produces interinsic factor required for B12 absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Mucous cells | (goblet cells) secrete protective mucous
🗑
|
||||
| enteroendocrine cells | secrete hormones which influence digestive organs, example:gastrin -> increases GI activity
🗑
|
||||
| Pyloric sphincter | located between the stomach and duodenum, controls how much chme enters the small intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Chyme | a mix of food with water and enzymes in/leaving the stomach
🗑
|
||||
| Function of the stomach | mechanical mixing of food and production of chyme, intiates protein digestion, storage of chyme until it passes into the duodenum (only lets a small amount through at a time) minimal absorption some drugs and alcohol)
🗑
|
||||
| Small intestine | *major digestive/absorption organ, upper right to lower right quadrant, extends from the pyloriic spincter to th large intestine, occupies the central and lower portion of abdominal cavity, divided into 3 regions
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 regions of the small intestine? | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
🗑
|
||||
| Duodenum | C-shaped region of the small intestine, first 10 inches, retroperitoneal, contains duodenal papilla and Brunner's gland
🗑
|
||||
| Duodenal papilla | opening throuh which bile (from the common bile duct) and enzymes (from pancreas) enter the duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| Brunner's gland | secretes alkaline mucous
🗑
|
||||
| Jejunum | middle section of the small intestine, note the slightly larger lumen
🗑
|
||||
| ileum | 3rd region of the small intestine, contains Peyer's patches
🗑
|
||||
| Peyr's patches | clusters of lymphatic tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Function of small intestine | major site of chemical digestion, mechanical mixing, major site for absorption of nutrients, propels undigested nutriens and materials to large intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Nerve supply for small intestine | myenteric nerve plexes (parasympathetic) also vagus nerve
🗑
|
||||
| plicae circulares | deep folds in the mucosa of the small intetines
🗑
|
||||
| villi | small finger like projecions, increase surface area, contain a capillary network and a lacteal which transports nutrients
🗑
|
||||
| microvilli | microscopic processes on columnar cells, promote absorption
🗑
|
||||
| crypts of Lieberkuhn | intestinal glands, secrete enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Large intestine | begins at ileum in the lower right quadrant, extends superiorly to the liver, passes left to spleen, descends on left to pelvis, terminates at anus
🗑
|
||||
| cecum | dilated pouch at junction of small and large intestine, lower right quadrant
🗑
|
||||
| ileocecal valve | guards opening to cecum
🗑
|
||||
| ascending colon | located on the right side
🗑
|
||||
| transverse colon | passes from right to left
🗑
|
||||
| descending colon | left side
🗑
|
||||
| sigmoid colon | S-shaped, from left side to center of the body
🗑
|
||||
| rectum | located on midline, leads to the anus
🗑
|
||||
| anus | external opening
🗑
|
||||
| What type of muscle is the internal and exernal anal sphincters? | internal:smooth, external:skeletal
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatic/Right colic flexture | (near liver) at junction of ascending and transverse colon
🗑
|
||||
| Splenic/Left colic flexture | at junction of transverse and descending colon
🗑
|
||||
| taeniae coli | 3 distinct bands of smooth muscle
🗑
|
||||
| Haustra | sac-like regions in the large intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Epiploic Appendages | fat-filled pouches in the large intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Function of the large intestine | Completes absorption of water, manufactures vitamins (A,D,E,K :all fat soluble), conatins natural flora (bacteria), formation, storage and expulsion of feces
🗑
|
||||
| Where is the appendix located? | lower right quadrant, usually retro-cecal (behind the cecum)
🗑
|
||||
| Structure of the Appendix | about the size of a pinky, maybe a bit smaller (finger-like profection about 2-3 inches long), blind pouch, contains lyphatic tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Which muscles create movement of food along the GI tract? | longitudinal and circular
🗑
|
||||
| Peristalsis | series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food aong the GI tract
🗑
|
||||
| Segmentation | Contractions in small intestine that moves the food in both directions for better mixing with the secretions in the intestine
🗑
|
||||
| Mass peristalis | reflex in the large intestine, initated by the presence of food in the stomach. drives the contents of the colon into the retum
🗑
|
||||
| Defecation | emptying of the contents of the rectum. contraction of the longitudinal muscles and relaxtion of the anal sphincters (circular muscle)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Kachmiel
Popular Anatomy sets