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A&P Chp 3 Cells
Anatomy & Physiology I - Chapter 3 Cells: The Living Units
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name four concepts of the cell theory | 1) Basic strutural and functional units of life 2) Organism depends on cells 3) Biochemical activities of a cell are dictated by their organelles 4) Continuity of life has a cellular basis |
| What is the driving forceof diffusion? | concentration radient |
| Who move faster? | potassium permarganate |
| What are the cell three major regions? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus |
| Is phosphate facing inside or outside? | both |
| Does red blood cell contantly changes shape? | yes |
| Composed of a double layer of phospholipids embedded w/ small amounts of cholestrol and proteins | Plasma membrane |
| _____ proteins are firmly inserted | Integral |
| ______ proteins are not embedded in the plasma membrane | Peripheral |
| Fingerlike extension that increase the surface area of the cell | Microvilli |
| What is a impermeable junction? | Tight junctions |
| What is mechanical couplings that prevent their spearation and reduce the chance of tearing? | Desmosomes |
| What is communication junctions? | Gap junctions |
| Does not use energy... | Passive process |
| Uses energy (ATP)... | Active process |
| High to Low concentration area | Diffusion |
| Diffusion of water... | Osmosis |
| Moves through the PM by protein carriers or by channels | Facilitated diffusion |
| _____ molecule cannot get through cell | water |
| The process that forces water and solutes through...by fluid, or hydrostatic, pressure is called | Filtration |
| Source of energy-hydrolysis of ATP; Transport protein changes shape and pumps molecules against their concetration gradient is called | Primary active transport |
| Co-transport of two solutes... | Secondary active transport |
| Large particles, macromolecules, and fluids are transported across... | Vesicular transport |
| Process used to move substances from inside the cell to the extracellular environment | Exocytosis |
| Vesicular transport processes that move molecules using protein-coated vesicles is | Endocytosis |
| What is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus? | Cytoplasm |
| What is kidney shapes; cristae; site of ATP synthesis? | Mitochondria |
| What is composed of RNA and protein; attached to rough ER; protein synthesis? | Ribosomes |
| What is externally studded w/ ribosomes; cisterna; phospholipids synthesis? | Rough ER |
| What has no ribosomes; site for lipid and cholestrol? | Smooth ER |
| What looks like a "stack of pancakes"; package, modify, and transport protein? | Golgi Apparatus |
| What contains digestive enzymes; acid; destruction of worn cells parts ("autolysis") and foreign particles? | Lysosomes |
| What contains oxidase enzymes; detoxify toxic substances; breaks down hydrogen peroxide? | Peroxisomes |
| What is made of tubulin proteins; support cell and give it shape; form centrioles and cilia and flagella, if present? | Microtubules |
| What are the paired cylinders that aid chromosome movement during mitosis? | Centrioles |
| What is the largest organelle that is the control center of all the cell activity? | Nucleus |
| What is dense sperical bodies; RNA and proteins; synthesis of ribosomes? | Nucleolus |
| What is granular, threadlike; DNA and histone proteins; synthesis DNA genes? | Chromatin |
| What occurs in the interphase? | organ |
| What phase does DNA take place? | interphase |
| mRNA means... | codon |
| tRNA means... | anti-codon |
| What cell organelles function in supporting cellular structures and in generating cell movements? | Cytoskeleton |
| What molecular components of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane possesses a charged polar "head" and an uncharged non-polar "tail"? | Phospholipid |
| What nucleic acid molecules are involved in transcription but NOT translation in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide? | DNA |
| What cell structures are involved in propelling substances across cell surfaces? | Cilia |
| What enzyme is the first one needed for DNA replication? | Helicase |
| Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cell nucleus into two nuclei | False, Cytokinesis is the division of the parent cell cytoplasm into two daughter cells |
| The process in which DNA's genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules is known as translation. | False, DNA's genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules by a process known as transcription |
| DNA's genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules by a process known as... | transcription |
| The two major periods in the life cycle of a cell are interphase and the mitotic phase | True |
Created by:
kenstack
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