AN 102 Midterm 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Allometry | The study of the relationships between body size and other biological variables.
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| Parental Investment Theory | A mother is certain her daughters will reproduce, but she may be more concerned for the reproductive success of her songs
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| polyandry | "many males" - one female reproducing with several males (rare)
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| polygyny | one male, multiple females
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| monogamy | one male, one female ("pair bonded"- e.g. gibbons)
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| maxilloturbinal | moistens and warms inhaled air, then cools exhaled air to recover water
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| nasoturbinal/ethmoturbinal | gives sense of small (dogs have enormous turbinal surfaces, giving good sense of smell)
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| angiosperms | plants that produce flowers and that wrap their seeds in outer coats (fruit)
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| 2 types of chimps | common chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees (bonobos)
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| sexual dimorphism | males and females are anatomically different
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| Benefits of Sociality (living in a group with others) | defense against predators; defense of food resources/territory
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| Costs of Sociality | increased risk of disease; increased competition for food
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| harems | one male, multi female groups
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| infanticide | males kill the offspring of previous male
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| Arboreal Theory | - big brain because life in trees is complicated
- enhanced visual system for scoping out arboreal pathways
- reduced smell because it isn't effective in trees
- hands and feet for better gripping and traction
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| Visual Predation Theory (Cartmill's) | primates have catlike vision for the same reason cats do; grasping hands and feet for locomotion on small branches
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| Mosaic Evolution | the accretion of a group's distinctive traits at different times and for different reasons
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| Phylogenetic Inertia | idea that there is a "lag time" before an evolutionary trait develops
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| Two Major Groups of Eocene Primates | Adapoids and Omomyoids
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| Fayum Anthropoids | Parapithecids, Oligopithecids, Proplipithecids
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| Characteristics of strepsirhines | small brain, rhinarium, toilet claw, tooth comb (e.g. lemur)
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| Characteristics of Anthropoids | middle ear, pit in the retna, bigger brains, better vision, worse smell, postorbital septum
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| Types of Anthropoids | Plattyrhines (new world) and Catarrhines (old world)
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| Dental Formula of New World Monkeys | 2.1.3.3
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| Dental Formula of Cattyrrhines | 2.1.2.3
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| Theories of Anthropoid Origins | Tarsiers, omomyid, adapid, or separate ancient origin
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| Adapids | mainly diurnal, lemur-like skulls, no tooth comb
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| Omomyids | mainly nocturnal, kind of tarsier-like
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| Miocene Primates | Proconsuloids, Morotopithecus, Dryopithecoids, Sivapithecids, Gigantopithecus
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| Sivapithecids | an Asian radiation of apes similar to proconsuloids, but with orangutan-like skills in some genera
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| Epaxial Muscles | Muscles around vertebrae
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| Dryopithecids | Mid-late Miocene, Europe, true hominoids (not "dental apes" like proconsuloids)
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| Proconsuloids | ape teeth, monkey postcranials ("dental apes"); mid-Miocene
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| Morotopithecus | early Miocene, Uganda, in many ways between monkey and ape
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