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AN 102 Midterm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allometry | The study of the relationships between body size and other biological variables. |
| Parental Investment Theory | A mother is certain her daughters will reproduce, but she may be more concerned for the reproductive success of her songs |
| polyandry | "many males" - one female reproducing with several males (rare) |
| polygyny | one male, multiple females |
| monogamy | one male, one female ("pair bonded"- e.g. gibbons) |
| maxilloturbinal | moistens and warms inhaled air, then cools exhaled air to recover water |
| nasoturbinal/ethmoturbinal | gives sense of small (dogs have enormous turbinal surfaces, giving good sense of smell) |
| angiosperms | plants that produce flowers and that wrap their seeds in outer coats (fruit) |
| 2 types of chimps | common chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees (bonobos) |
| sexual dimorphism | males and females are anatomically different |
| Benefits of Sociality (living in a group with others) | defense against predators; defense of food resources/territory |
| Costs of Sociality | increased risk of disease; increased competition for food |
| harems | one male, multi female groups |
| infanticide | males kill the offspring of previous male |
| Arboreal Theory | - big brain because life in trees is complicated - enhanced visual system for scoping out arboreal pathways - reduced smell because it isn't effective in trees - hands and feet for better gripping and traction |
| Visual Predation Theory (Cartmill's) | primates have catlike vision for the same reason cats do; grasping hands and feet for locomotion on small branches |
| Mosaic Evolution | the accretion of a group's distinctive traits at different times and for different reasons |
| Phylogenetic Inertia | idea that there is a "lag time" before an evolutionary trait develops |
| Two Major Groups of Eocene Primates | Adapoids and Omomyoids |
| Fayum Anthropoids | Parapithecids, Oligopithecids, Proplipithecids |
| Characteristics of strepsirhines | small brain, rhinarium, toilet claw, tooth comb (e.g. lemur) |
| Characteristics of Anthropoids | middle ear, pit in the retna, bigger brains, better vision, worse smell, postorbital septum |
| Types of Anthropoids | Plattyrhines (new world) and Catarrhines (old world) |
| Dental Formula of New World Monkeys | 2.1.3.3 |
| Dental Formula of Cattyrrhines | 2.1.2.3 |
| Theories of Anthropoid Origins | Tarsiers, omomyid, adapid, or separate ancient origin |
| Adapids | mainly diurnal, lemur-like skulls, no tooth comb |
| Omomyids | mainly nocturnal, kind of tarsier-like |
| Miocene Primates | Proconsuloids, Morotopithecus, Dryopithecoids, Sivapithecids, Gigantopithecus |
| Sivapithecids | an Asian radiation of apes similar to proconsuloids, but with orangutan-like skills in some genera |
| Epaxial Muscles | Muscles around vertebrae |
| Dryopithecids | Mid-late Miocene, Europe, true hominoids (not "dental apes" like proconsuloids) |
| Proconsuloids | ape teeth, monkey postcranials ("dental apes"); mid-Miocene |
| Morotopithecus | early Miocene, Uganda, in many ways between monkey and ape |
Created by:
angela.farmer
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