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Directional Terms

Directional Terminology

QuestionAnswer
Runs longitudinally dividing the body into left and right parts Sagittal plane
runs longitudinally dividing the body into front and back parts Frontal or Coronal plane
runs horizontally dividing the body into top and bottom or upper and lower parts Transverse plane
Superior/Inferior above/below
Anterior/Posterior front/back
Medial/lateral towards the midline/away from the midline
Cranial/Caudal towards the head/towards the /feet or tail
Dorsal/Ventral back side/belly side
Proximal/Distal towards the trunk/away from the trunk (usually refers to directions along the limbs)
Superficial/Deep towards the surface (external)/away from the surface (internal)
Flexion decreases the angle of a joint and brings ventral surfaces together Ex: making fist
Extension increases the angle of a joint moving ventral surfaces apart Ex: open hand, extending fingers
Adduction movement towards the midline Ex: fingers all together
Abduction movement away from the midline Ex: spread fingers apart
Inversion turning inward
eversion turning outward
Dorsiflexion movement of the ankle joint so that you are standing on your heels
Plantarflexion movement of the ankle joint so that you are pointing your toes
Rotation movement of a bone around its vertical axis Ex: turning the arm inward or outward
Circumduction movement of the bone so that the proximal end is stable but the distal end outlines a circle - involves flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
Created by: jeanlyon
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