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Directional Terms
Directional Terminology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Runs longitudinally dividing the body into left and right parts | Sagittal plane |
runs longitudinally dividing the body into front and back parts | Frontal or Coronal plane |
runs horizontally dividing the body into top and bottom or upper and lower parts | Transverse plane |
Superior/Inferior | above/below |
Anterior/Posterior | front/back |
Medial/lateral | towards the midline/away from the midline |
Cranial/Caudal | towards the head/towards the /feet or tail |
Dorsal/Ventral | back side/belly side |
Proximal/Distal | towards the trunk/away from the trunk (usually refers to directions along the limbs) |
Superficial/Deep | towards the surface (external)/away from the surface (internal) |
Flexion | decreases the angle of a joint and brings ventral surfaces together Ex: making fist |
Extension | increases the angle of a joint moving ventral surfaces apart Ex: open hand, extending fingers |
Adduction | movement towards the midline Ex: fingers all together |
Abduction | movement away from the midline Ex: spread fingers apart |
Inversion | turning inward |
eversion | turning outward |
Dorsiflexion | movement of the ankle joint so that you are standing on your heels |
Plantarflexion | movement of the ankle joint so that you are pointing your toes |
Rotation | movement of a bone around its vertical axis Ex: turning the arm inward or outward |
Circumduction | movement of the bone so that the proximal end is stable but the distal end outlines a circle - involves flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. |