** Now the bones
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| Bones of the Skull - Frontal | Single / forehead bone, lower margins occupied largely by orbits
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| Bones of the Skull - Parietals | Paired / Articulate w frontal bone, make up walls of skull
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| Bones of the Skull - Temporals | Paired / on sides of head, houses of ear holes, provides articulation for mandible
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| Bones of the Skull - Occipital | Single / midline bone at back of skull, houses large hole at skull base for passing of spinal cord
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| Bones of the Skull - Maxilla | Paired / bone that comprise much of face between orbits and mouth, most of roof of mout
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| Bones of the Skull - Zygomatics | Paired / cheekbones
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| Bones of the Skull - Nasals | Paired / small bones; superior to nasal opening between orbits
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| Bones of the Skull - Ethmoid | Single / within skull, see from frontal - back of orbit, lateral - posterior to lacrimals, and superior - top
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| Bones of the Skull - Sphenoid | Single / large, butterfly-shaped, mostly within skill
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| Bones of the Skull - Lacrimals | Paired / small delicate bones inside rim of orbits, houses canals for tear ducts, lacrimal ducts
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| Bones of the Skull - Mandible | Single / lower jaw
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| Bones of the Skull - Inferior Nasal Conchae | Paired / small curved bones on each side within nasal opening
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| Bones of the Skull - Palatine | Paired / small, lie just posterior to bony palate of maxillae
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| Bones of the Skull - Vomer | Single / small, down midline of inferior nasal aperture
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| Temporal Features - External Auditory Meatus | Bony ear canal
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| Temporal Features - Mastoid Process | Insertion area of large muscle on side of neck
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| Temporal Features - Styloid Process | slender projection anteromedial to mastoid process, attachment site for several muscles associated with tounge and larnyx
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| Temporal Features - Mandibular Fossa | articulation with mandibular condyles at jaw joint
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| Temporal Features - Zygomatic Arch | posterior portion
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| Occipital Features - Occipital Condyles | articulation for the superior-most cervical vertebrae, atlas
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| Occipital Features - Foramen Magnum | opening for spinal cord as it exits cranium
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| Zygomatic Feature - Zygomatic Arch | anterior position
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| Ethmoid Features - Crista Galli | ridge of bone projecting from the midline of the cribriform plate
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| Ethmoid Features - Cribriform Plate | horizontal portion with numerous perforations for olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs rest on either side of crista galli
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| Sphenoid Feature - Sella Turcica | saddle-shaped structure, pituitary gland "sits" in a depression in the middle, the hypophyseal fossa
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| Mandible Features - Mental Foramen | opening for nerve and vessels
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| Mandible Features - Mandibular Condyle | rounded surfaces for articulation with mandibular fossae of temporal bone to form jaw joint
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| Mandible Features - Body | main, horizontal portion
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| Mandible Features - Ramus | ascending portion
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| Other Skull Features - Orbits | eye sockets
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| Other Skull Features - Nasal Aperture/Nasal Opening | bordered by nasal bones and maxillae
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| Other Skull Features - Ossicles | malleus, incus, and stapes
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| Teeth Bones | molars, premolars, canine, incisors
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| Cervical Vertebrae Bones - Atlas | no body, large superior articulating facets, barely discernable spinous process
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| Cervical Vertebrae Bones - Axis | dens odontoid process, projects superiorly, body present, but small
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| Cervical Vertabrae | larger body than atlas or axis, more prominent spinous process- often forked
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| Thoracic Vertebrae Features - Giraffe | long skinny spinous process except for inferior ones, spinous process projects down, transverse processes thick, project more posteriorly, superior & inferior articular surfaces more mediolaterally, rib facets on vertebral body and transverse processes
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| Lumbar Vertebrae Features - Moose | spinous process short, flat, mediolaterally, taller superioirinferiorly & projects directly posteriorly, transverse processes thinner, project directly out to sides, superior & inferior articular surfaces oriented mostly anteroposteriouly, no rib facts
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| Thorax | sternum and rib
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| Sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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| Rib | head - articulates w rib facet on tranverse process of thoracic vertebra
tubercle - process near head for articulation w rib facet on body of thoracic vertebra
inferior border - sharpened, useful for siding ribs
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| Maxilla Features - Infraorbital Foramina | openings for inferior to eye orbits, for nerves and vessels
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| Maxilla Features - Palatine Process | makes up much of hard palate
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