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Axial
** Now the bones
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Bones of the Skull - Frontal | Single / forehead bone, lower margins occupied largely by orbits |
Bones of the Skull - Parietals | Paired / Articulate w frontal bone, make up walls of skull |
Bones of the Skull - Temporals | Paired / on sides of head, houses of ear holes, provides articulation for mandible |
Bones of the Skull - Occipital | Single / midline bone at back of skull, houses large hole at skull base for passing of spinal cord |
Bones of the Skull - Maxilla | Paired / bone that comprise much of face between orbits and mouth, most of roof of mout |
Bones of the Skull - Zygomatics | Paired / cheekbones |
Bones of the Skull - Nasals | Paired / small bones; superior to nasal opening between orbits |
Bones of the Skull - Ethmoid | Single / within skull, see from frontal - back of orbit, lateral - posterior to lacrimals, and superior - top |
Bones of the Skull - Sphenoid | Single / large, butterfly-shaped, mostly within skill |
Bones of the Skull - Lacrimals | Paired / small delicate bones inside rim of orbits, houses canals for tear ducts, lacrimal ducts |
Bones of the Skull - Mandible | Single / lower jaw |
Bones of the Skull - Inferior Nasal Conchae | Paired / small curved bones on each side within nasal opening |
Bones of the Skull - Palatine | Paired / small, lie just posterior to bony palate of maxillae |
Bones of the Skull - Vomer | Single / small, down midline of inferior nasal aperture |
Temporal Features - External Auditory Meatus | Bony ear canal |
Temporal Features - Mastoid Process | Insertion area of large muscle on side of neck |
Temporal Features - Styloid Process | slender projection anteromedial to mastoid process, attachment site for several muscles associated with tounge and larnyx |
Temporal Features - Mandibular Fossa | articulation with mandibular condyles at jaw joint |
Temporal Features - Zygomatic Arch | posterior portion |
Occipital Features - Occipital Condyles | articulation for the superior-most cervical vertebrae, atlas |
Occipital Features - Foramen Magnum | opening for spinal cord as it exits cranium |
Zygomatic Feature - Zygomatic Arch | anterior position |
Ethmoid Features - Crista Galli | ridge of bone projecting from the midline of the cribriform plate |
Ethmoid Features - Cribriform Plate | horizontal portion with numerous perforations for olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs rest on either side of crista galli |
Sphenoid Feature - Sella Turcica | saddle-shaped structure, pituitary gland "sits" in a depression in the middle, the hypophyseal fossa |
Mandible Features - Mental Foramen | opening for nerve and vessels |
Mandible Features - Mandibular Condyle | rounded surfaces for articulation with mandibular fossae of temporal bone to form jaw joint |
Mandible Features - Body | main, horizontal portion |
Mandible Features - Ramus | ascending portion |
Other Skull Features - Orbits | eye sockets |
Other Skull Features - Nasal Aperture/Nasal Opening | bordered by nasal bones and maxillae |
Other Skull Features - Ossicles | malleus, incus, and stapes |
Teeth Bones | molars, premolars, canine, incisors |
Cervical Vertebrae Bones - Atlas | no body, large superior articulating facets, barely discernable spinous process |
Cervical Vertebrae Bones - Axis | dens odontoid process, projects superiorly, body present, but small |
Cervical Vertabrae | larger body than atlas or axis, more prominent spinous process- often forked |
Thoracic Vertebrae Features - Giraffe | long skinny spinous process except for inferior ones, spinous process projects down, transverse processes thick, project more posteriorly, superior & inferior articular surfaces more mediolaterally, rib facets on vertebral body and transverse processes |
Lumbar Vertebrae Features - Moose | spinous process short, flat, mediolaterally, taller superioirinferiorly & projects directly posteriorly, transverse processes thinner, project directly out to sides, superior & inferior articular surfaces oriented mostly anteroposteriouly, no rib facts |
Thorax | sternum and rib |
Sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
Rib | head - articulates w rib facet on tranverse process of thoracic vertebra tubercle - process near head for articulation w rib facet on body of thoracic vertebra inferior border - sharpened, useful for siding ribs |
Maxilla Features - Infraorbital Foramina | openings for inferior to eye orbits, for nerves and vessels |
Maxilla Features - Palatine Process | makes up much of hard palate |