Chapter 3 - Medical Terminology for Health Professions 9th E Schroeder
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| show | 1. Framework of the Body
2. Support & Protect internal organs
3. Joints work with Muscles/Tendons to facilitate movement
4. Store calcium, mineral needed for nerve/muscle function
5. Produce blood cells via bone marrow
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| Ossification | show 🗑
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| show | A bone cell that breaks down old or damaged bone.
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| show | A bone cell that helps rebuild bone cells.
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| show | Proximal Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Distal Epiphysis
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| Periosteum | show 🗑
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| show | AKA Cortical Bone, dense, hard, very strong bone. Over 75% of the body's bones by weight.
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| Spongy Bone | show 🗑
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| show | The central cavity within the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone. Red and yellow bone marrow are stored here.
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| Medullary | show 🗑
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| show | The tissue that lines the medullary cavity, or the inner cavity.
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| Red Bone Marrow | show 🗑
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| Hematopoietic | show 🗑
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| Yellow Bone Marrow | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue. Acts as a shock absorber. More elastic and comprises flexible areas such as outer ear.
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| Articular Cartilage | show 🗑
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| show | The curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and TMJ.
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| Diaphasys | show 🗑
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| show | Wider ends of long bones, which are further distinguished by location terminology: proximal and distal.
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| Foramen | show 🗑
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| show | The foramen in the skull / occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to pass through.
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| Process | show 🗑
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| Mastoid Process | show 🗑
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| show | AKA articulations, locations where two or more bones come together that allow for movement.
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| show | AKA sutures, joints made of dense connective tissue, holding bones tightly together that allow for little or no movement.
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| Fontanells | show 🗑
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| show | Joints that allow for only short or small movements, connected entirely by cartilage. This includes the connection from sternum to ribs, and the pubic symphysis.
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| show | Joints that allow a variety of motions, further distinguished by the form of movement allowed.
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| Ball-and-socket joints | show 🗑
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| show | Allow for a large degree of movement primarily in one direction or plane, such as knees or elbows.
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| 3 Components of Synovial Joints | show 🗑
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| show | The outermost layer of strong and fibrous tissue that makes a sleeve around the joint.
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| Synovial Membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Flows in the synovial cavity and acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint as possible.
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| Ligaments | show 🗑
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| show | A fibrous sac that is a cushion in joints that sits in spaces formed by bones and ligaments to ease movement.
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| show | 206
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| Appendicular Skeleton | show 🗑
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| show | Protects the major organs of the body. Contains about 80 bones that fit 5 areas: skull, ossicles, hyoid, ribcage, and vertebral column.
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| Appendicular | show 🗑
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| Appendage | show 🗑
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| show | The terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg.
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| Bones of the Cranium | show 🗑
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| show | External opening of a canal
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| show | The open end of the auditory canal, AKA, the outer ear. This canal is in the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
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| Sphenoid or Ethmoid | show 🗑
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| Auditory Ossicles | show 🗑
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| show | Nasal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxillary (2) Palatine (2), Lacrimal (2), inferior conchae, (2), vomer, mandible.
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| Temporomandibular Joint | show 🗑
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| show | AKA the rib cage. Made of the Ribs and the Shoulders, as well as the upper portion of the spinal column (Thoracic Vertebrae)
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| show | True Ribs (7) - first seven pairs that connect to the sternum.
False Ribs (3) - three pairs that connect to the sternum via cartilage.
Floating Ribs - two pairs that do not attach to the sternum, only to vertebrae
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| show | The Manubrium, the body of the sternum (gladiolus), The Xiphoid Process
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| Bones of the Shoulder / Pectoral Girdle | show 🗑
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| show | Humerus, Radius (THUMB SIDE), Ulna (PINKY SIDE)
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| show | AKA Funny Bone. Large, proximal tip of the ulna, forming the point of the elbow.
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| show | 8 Carpals (wrist), 5 Metacarpals, 14 Phalanges
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| Parts / Subdivisions of Spinal Column | show 🗑
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| show | The Body, The Lamina, and the Vertebral Foramen.
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| show | Tailbone, base of spine
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| show | Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
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| show | The "Hip Socket" - the circular cavity in the side of the pelvis.
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| Ilium | show 🗑
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| show | "Sit Bones"
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| show | "Crotch Bones"
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| Pubic Symphysis | show 🗑
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| Bones of the Legs and Knees | show 🗑
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| Popliteal | show 🗑
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| show | Ligaments of the knee that allow for knee movement. The ACL is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
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| show | A Doctor of Chiropractic specializes in manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine
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| show | AKA Orthopedist, a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with bones, joints, and muscles
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| show | A has a Doctor of Osteopathy. Osteopathy can ALSO mean any disease of a bone.
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| Podiatrist | show 🗑
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| Rheumatologist | show 🗑
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| show | Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury
, or surgical procedure
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| Adhesive Capsulitis | show 🗑
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| Arthrosclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | AKA Popliteal cyst. A fluid-filled syst behind the knee, named for William Baker.
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| Bursitis | show 🗑
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| show | Softening of cartilage
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| show | Inflammation in the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum
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| show | AKA Bunion. The abnormal enlargement of the joint of the big toe
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| show | Blood within a joint, usually due to joint injury.
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| Hemophilia | show 🗑
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| show | AKA PMR. An inflammatory disorder that causes pain in the neck, shoulder, upper arms, hips, and thighs
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| show | The injury to ligaments that connect bones in a joint when improperly torn or wrenched out of optimal position.
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| show | The inflammation of the synovial membrane.
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| show | AKA Luxation. The total displacement of a bone from its joint
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| show | The partial displacement of a bone from it's joint
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| show | An inflammatory condition of one ore more joints.
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| show | AKA OA. AKA Wear-and-tear arthritis. AKA degenerative joint disease. The wearing down of articular cartilage within joints.
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| show | AKA Bone Spurs. Bony projections that can cause pain or restrict movement.
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| Spondylosis | show 🗑
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| Gout | show 🗑
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| Pseudogout | show 🗑
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| show | AKA RA. A chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints are attacked by the immune system-- this includes the synovial membranes.
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| show | AKA AS. A type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints of the vertebrae.
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| show | AKA JIA. An autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 and younger, often outgrown.
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| Psoriatic Arthritis | show 🗑
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| show | AKA slipped disk AKA Ruptured Disk. The breaking apart of an intervertebral disc resulting in a bulge that puts pressure on spinal nerves
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| show | AKA Low Back Pain.
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| show | The forward slipping movement of the body from one of the lower lumbar vertebrae
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| Spina Bifida | show 🗑
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| Kyphosis | show 🗑
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| Lordosis | show 🗑
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| show | The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
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| Avascular Necrosis | show 🗑
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| Osteitis | show 🗑
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| Osteomalacia | show 🗑
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| Osteomyelitis | show 🗑
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| show | A chronic bone disease bone bone is broken down and new bone formed is often misshapen and weak.
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| Periostitis | show 🗑
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| show | The compression of a nerve in the spine. AKA pinched nerve.
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| Rickets | show 🗑
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| show | America often fortifies milk with vitamin D, which allows for the appropriate absorption of calcium, which helps normal bone growth.
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| show | A narrowing of spaces in the spine, which puts pressure on nerves and the spinal cord.
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| Short Stature | show 🗑
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| Clubfoot | show 🗑
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| show | becoming progressively worse or life-threatening.
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| show | When cancer cells from elsewhere in the body spread to the bones.
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| show | A type of cancer that happens in blood-making plasma cells in red bone marrow.
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| Osteochondroma | show 🗑
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| Benign | show 🗑
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| Extosis | show 🗑
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| Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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| show | A thinner-than-average bone density.
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| Compression Fracture | show 🗑
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| show | AKA broken wrist. The fracture of the distal end of the radius, usually happening when someone uses their hands to break a fall.
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| show | Broken Bone
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| show | AKA Simple fracture, AKA complete fracture. A bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin
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| Open Fracture | show 🗑
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| Comminuted Fracture | show 🗑
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| show | In which a bone does not break into two separate pieces, occurring primarily in children
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| Greenstick fracture | show 🗑
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| Buckle Fracture | show 🗑
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| Oblique Fracture | show 🗑
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| Pathologic Fracture | show 🗑
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| Spiral Fracture | show 🗑
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| Stress Fracture | show 🗑
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| show | A break that is straight across, perpendicular to the shaft of the bone.
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| show | When the fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood, creating a blockage.
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| show | AKA Crepitus. The sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together, or the popping and clicking sounds in the movement of the joints.
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| Callus | show 🗑
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| Radiography | show 🗑
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| show | The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope.
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| show | A diagnostic test where a small amount of Bone Marrow is removed and tested.
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| show | The use of a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow.
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | show 🗑
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| Computed Tomography | show 🗑
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| show | Used to diagnose different bone disease that deal with the density of bones.
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| show | A class of medical drugs that slow loss of bone density.
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| Bone Marrow Transplant | show 🗑
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| Allogenic | show 🗑
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| Autologous | show 🗑
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| show | Uses stem cells in the blood stream as the transplant material, drawn, stored, and returned though blood.
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| show | A mechanical appliance used to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
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| show | A substitute for a diseased or missing body part.
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| show | AKA surgical ankylosis. The surgical fusion of joints.
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| Arthroscopic Surgery | show 🗑
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| show | A surgical procedure to transplant bone.
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| show | The surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint.
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| Revision surgery | show 🗑
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| Amputation | show 🗑
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| show | The removal of part of an intervertebral disk via a tube through the skin
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| Percutaneous Vertebroplasty | show 🗑
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| show | The surgical removal of the lamina (posterior portion of the vertebrae).
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| show | A technique to join together two or more vertebrae
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| show | The surgical removal of a portion of the skull.
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| show | The amount of pressure inside the skull which pushes out on the cranial bones.
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| show | The surgical incision or opening into the skull
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| Osteotomy | show 🗑
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| show | AKA manipulation. The attempted non-surgical realignment of the bone.
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| show | A surgical procedure to realign the parts of the bone.
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| Immobilization | show 🗑
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| show | A pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction to aid in alignment
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| External Fixation | show 🗑
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| show | Using hardware directly against the bone to repair an injury or flaw, which usually remains in the body indefinitely.
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| show | Total Knee Replacement, Total Hip Replacement
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| show | Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
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| PKR | show 🗑
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