Med Term Ch3 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
5 functions of the Skeletal System	1. Framework of the Body 2. Support & Protect internal organs 3. Joints work with Muscles/Tendons to facilitate movement 4. Store calcium, mineral needed for nerve/muscle function 5. Produce blood cells via bone marrow
Ossification	The process of cartilage turning into bone.
Osteoclast	A bone cell that breaks down old or damaged bone.
Osteoblast	A bone cell that helps rebuild bone cells.
3 Major Anatomic Landmarks of Bones	Proximal Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Distal Epiphysis
Periosteum	The tough, fibrous outermost tissue covering a bone.
Compact Bone	AKA Cortical Bone, dense, hard, very strong bone. Over 75% of the body's bones by weight.
Spongy Bone	AKA Cancellous Bone, porous bone that is lighter and weaker than Compact Bone. Usually in the ends and inner parts of bones, holds bone marrow.
Medullary Cavity	The central cavity within the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone. Red and yellow bone marrow are stored here.
Medullary	Pertaining to the Inner Section
Endosteum	The tissue that lines the medullary cavity, or the inner cavity.
Red Bone Marrow	Located in the Spongy Bone, is a blood-forming tissue that makes red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.
Hematopoietic	Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Yellow Bone Marrow	A fat-storage area within the bone. There is relatively less Yellow Blood Marrow in childhood, and relatively more Yellow Blood Marrow after Adolescence is complete.
Cartilage	Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue. Acts as a shock absorber. More elastic and comprises flexible areas such as outer ear.
Articular Cartilage	The layer of cartilage that covers surfaces of bones where they articulate (create joints) to make smooth joint movements.
Meniscus	The curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and TMJ.
Diaphasys	The shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis (plural Epiphyses)	Wider ends of long bones, which are further distinguished by location terminology: proximal and distal.
Foramen	The opening in a bone that allows for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments.
Foramen Magnum	The foramen in the skull / occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to pass through.
Process	A normal projection on the surface of a bone that commonly surves as an attachment point for a muscle or tendon.
Mastoid Process	A bony projection on the temporal bones just behind the ears, that connects to muscles of the jaw.
Joints	AKA articulations, locations where two or more bones come together that allow for movement.
Fibrous Joints	AKA sutures, joints made of dense connective tissue, holding bones tightly together that allow for little or no movement.
Fontanells	AKA Soft spots, are joints found on the skull of a newborn that allow flexibility as the infant passes through the birth canal, and throughout development will gradually harden into sutures.
Cartilaginous Joints	Joints that allow for only short or small movements, connected entirely by cartilage. This includes the connection from sternum to ribs, and the pubic symphysis.
Synovial Joints	Joints that allow a variety of motions, further distinguished by the form of movement allowed.
Ball-and-socket joints	Wide range of movement in many directions such as the hips and shoulders.
Hinge Joints	Allow for a large degree of movement primarily in one direction or plane, such as knees or elbows.
3 Components of Synovial Joints	Synovial Capsule, Synovial Membrane, Synovial Fluid
Synovial Capsule	The outermost layer of strong and fibrous tissue that makes a sleeve around the joint.
Synovial Membrane	Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial Fluid	Flows in the synovial cavity and acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint as possible.
Ligaments	Fibrous tissue bands that connect one bone to another, forming joints. Can also join bone and cartilage.
Bursa	A fibrous sac that is a cushion in joints that sits in spaces formed by bones and ligaments to ease movement.
Number of Bones in an Average Adult Human Skeleton	206
Appendicular Skeleton	Responsible for body movement, the bones that can be divided into "Lower extremities" and "upper extremities". Includes the hips as well as the shoulder girdle. Usually 126 bones.
Axial Skeleton	Protects the major organs of the body. Contains about 80 bones that fit 5 areas: skull, ossicles, hyoid, ribcage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular	related to an appendage
Appendage	Anything attached to a major part of the body
Extremity	The terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg.
Bones of the Cranium	(8) : Frontal Bone, Parietal bones (2), Occipital Bone, Temporal bones (2), Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid Bone
Meatus	External opening of a canal
External Auditory meatus	The open end of the auditory canal, AKA, the outer ear. This canal is in the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
Sphenoid or Ethmoid	Both are the "more internal" bones of the cranium. Sphenoid touches all other cranial bones, forms the floor/sides of eye sockets. Ethmoid is a spongy bone, separating the nasal cavity from the brain. Touches Lacrimal bone.
Auditory Ossicles	The 3 "ear bones" malleus, incus, and stapes. Smallest bones in the body!
Facial bones	Nasal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxillary (2) Palatine (2), Lacrimal (2), inferior conchae, (2), vomer, mandible.
Temporomandibular Joint	AKA TMJ, the joint where the jaw (mandible) attaches to the temporal bone.
Thoracic Cavity	AKA the rib cage. Made of the Ribs and the Shoulders, as well as the upper portion of the spinal column (Thoracic Vertebrae)
The kinds of Ribs (Costals)	True Ribs (7) - first seven pairs that connect to the sternum. False Ribs (3) - three pairs that connect to the sternum via cartilage. Floating Ribs - two pairs that do not attach to the sternum, only to vertebrae
The three parts of the Sternum (Breast Bone)	The Manubrium, the body of the sternum (gladiolus), The Xiphoid Process
Bones of the Shoulder / Pectoral Girdle	Clavicle, Scapula, Acromion
Bones of the Arm	Humerus, Radius (THUMB SIDE), Ulna (PINKY SIDE)
Olecranon	AKA Funny Bone. Large, proximal tip of the ulna, forming the point of the elbow.
Bones of the wrist, hand, and fingers	8 Carpals (wrist), 5 Metacarpals, 14 Phalanges
Parts / Subdivisions of Spinal Column	Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5 Fused to 1), Coccyx (4 fused to 1)
Parts of the Vertebrae	The Body, The Lamina, and the Vertebral Foramen.
Coccyx	Tailbone, base of spine
3 Bones of the Pelvis	Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
Acetabulum	The "Hip Socket" - the circular cavity in the side of the pelvis.
Ilium	"Hip bones"
Ischium	"Sit Bones"
Pubis	"Crotch Bones"
Pubic Symphysis	The place where the two pubis bones join, the Anterior art of the pelvis.
Bones of the Legs and Knees	Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Popliteal	said: pop-LIT-ee-al, the posterior space behind the knee where ligaments, vessels, and muscles of the joint are located.
Cruciate Ligaments	Ligaments of the knee that allow for knee movement. The ACL is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Chiropractor	A Doctor of Chiropractic specializes in manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine
Orthopedic Surgeon	AKA Orthopedist, a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with bones, joints, and muscles
Osteopath	A has a Doctor of Osteopathy. Osteopathy can ALSO mean any disease of a bone.
Podiatrist	Holds a Doctor of Podiatry or a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree. Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.
Rheumatologist	A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, and tendinitis that present with inflammation in the joints and connective tissues.
Ankylosis	Loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury , or surgical procedure
Adhesive Capsulitis	AKA Frozen Shoulder. Painful ankylosis of the shoulder caused by adhesions forming in the synovial capsule surrounding the shoulder, making the joint become thicker and tighter.
Arthrosclerosis	Stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly.
Baker's Cyst	AKA Popliteal cyst. A fluid-filled syst behind the knee, named for William Baker.
Bursitis	Inflammation of the Bursa
Chrondromalacia	Softening of cartilage
Costochondrosis	Inflammation in the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum
Hallux Valgus	AKA Bunion. The abnormal enlargement of the joint of the big toe
Hemarthrosis	Blood within a joint, usually due to joint injury.
Hemophilia	A blood-clotting disorder
Polymyalgia Rheumatica	AKA PMR. An inflammatory disorder that causes pain in the neck, shoulder, upper arms, hips, and thighs
Sprain	The injury to ligaments that connect bones in a joint when improperly torn or wrenched out of optimal position.
Synovitis	The inflammation of the synovial membrane.
Dislocation	AKA Luxation. The total displacement of a bone from its joint
Subluxation	The partial displacement of a bone from it's joint
Arthritis	An inflammatory condition of one ore more joints.
Osteoarthritis	AKA OA. AKA Wear-and-tear arthritis. AKA degenerative joint disease. The wearing down of articular cartilage within joints.
Osteophytes	AKA Bone Spurs. Bony projections that can cause pain or restrict movement.
Spondylosis	AKA Spinal Osteoarthritis. Degenerative condition of the spinal structure or function.
Gout	AKA Gouty Arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis caused by urate crystals in the joints.
Pseudogout	A form of arthritis cause by the buildup of pyrophosphate crystals.
Rheumatoid Arthritis	AKA RA. A chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints are attacked by the immune system-- this includes the synovial membranes.
Ankylosing Spondylitis	AKA AS. A type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints of the vertebrae.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis	AKA JIA. An autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 and younger, often outgrown.
Psoriatic Arthritis	Inflammatory form of arthritis developed by 20% of people with psoriasis
Herniated Disk	AKA slipped disk AKA Ruptured Disk. The breaking apart of an intervertebral disc resulting in a bulge that puts pressure on spinal nerves
Lumbago	AKA Low Back Pain.
Spondylolisthesis	The forward slipping movement of the body from one of the lower lumbar vertebrae
Spina Bifida	A congenital Defect that occurs during early pregnancy where the spinal canal doesn't close.
Kyphosis	AKA Hunchback. The abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine.
Lordosis	AKA Swayback. The abnormal increase in the inward curvature of the lumbar spine.
Scoliosis	The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Avascular Necrosis	AKA osteonecrosis. When an area of bone tissue dies due to insufficient blood flow.
Osteitis	Inflammation of a bone.
Osteomalacia	AKA Adult Rickets. The abnormal softening of bones in adults, often due to a deficiency of Vitamin D
Osteomyelitis	Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone. Usually caused by a bacterial infection.
Paget's Disease	A chronic bone disease bone bone is broken down and new bone formed is often misshapen and weak.
Periostitis	Inflammation of the periosteum, such as shin splints.
Radiculopathy	The compression of a nerve in the spine. AKA pinched nerve.
Rickets	A disease in children characterized by defective bone growth.
Why have American cases of Rickets decreased?	America often fortifies milk with vitamin D, which allows for the appropriate absorption of calcium, which helps normal bone growth.
Spinal Stenosis	A narrowing of spaces in the spine, which puts pressure on nerves and the spinal cord.
Short Stature	Formerly Dwarfism. More than 200 conditions fit into this category.
Clubfoot	AKA Talipes. A congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus.
Malignant	becoming progressively worse or life-threatening.
Bone Metastasis	When cancer cells from elsewhere in the body spread to the bones.
Multiple Myeloma	A type of cancer that happens in blood-making plasma cells in red bone marrow.
Osteochondroma	A benign bony projection covered with cartilage
Benign	Something that is not life-threatening and does not recur
Extosis	A type of outgrowth of tissue.
Osteoporosis	The significant loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity.
Osteopenia	A thinner-than-average bone density.
Compression Fracture	When a bone is pressed together on itself
Colles fracture	AKA broken wrist. The fracture of the distal end of the radius, usually happening when someone uses their hands to break a fall.
Fracture	Broken Bone
Closed Fracture	AKA Simple fracture, AKA complete fracture. A bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin
Open Fracture	AKA compound fracture. A bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
Comminuted Fracture	A break where a bone is splintered or crushed into small pieces
Incomplete Fracture	In which a bone does not break into two separate pieces, occurring primarily in children
Greenstick fracture	Only one side of the bone is broken, and the other side is only bent
Buckle Fracture	AKA Torus Fracture. The side of a bone is compressed and bends but doesn't break.
Oblique Fracture	A break that goes at an angle across the bone
Pathologic Fracture	A break that happens under normal strain.
Spiral Fracture	A complete break in which a bone has been twisted apart.
Stress Fracture	An overuse injury. Usually a small crack in the bone that develops from chronic excessive impact.
Transverse fracture	A break that is straight across, perpendicular to the shaft of the bone.
Fat Embolis	When the fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood, creating a blockage.
Crepitation	AKA Crepitus. The sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together, or the popping and clicking sounds in the movement of the joints.
Callus	The thickening of the bone tissue that forms when a bone heals from a break. Also the thickening of the tissue of the skin
Radiography	AKA X-ray imaging. Images that help visualize bone fractures or abnormalities
Arthroscopy	The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope.
Bone Marrow Biopsy	A diagnostic test where a small amount of Bone Marrow is removed and tested.
Bone Marrow Aspiration	The use of a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	AKA MRI. Used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of joints. Not as effective on hard tissues.
Computed Tomography	AKA CT scan - a diagnostic procedure
Bone Density Testing	Used to diagnose different bone disease that deal with the density of bones.
Bisphosphonates	A class of medical drugs that slow loss of bone density.
Bone Marrow Transplant	A stem cell transplant used to treat some cancers. First the cancer cells and the patient's bone marrow are destroyed via radiation and chemo, then new cells are introduced.
Allogenic	Using the cells or tissues from a donor to do a procedure.
Autologous	Using the cells or tissues from the patient to do a procedure.
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant	Uses stem cells in the blood stream as the transplant material, drawn, stored, and returned though blood.
Orthotic	A mechanical appliance used to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
Prosthesis	A substitute for a diseased or missing body part.
Arthrodesis	AKA surgical ankylosis. The surgical fusion of joints.
Arthroscopic Surgery	A minimally invasive procedure to look at the interior of a joint through small incisions.
Bone Grafting	A surgical procedure to transplant bone.
Synovectomy	The surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint.
Revision surgery	The replacement or a worn or failed implant, a surgery to fix something you have fixed before.
Amputation	The surgical or accidental removal of a limb.
Percutaneous Diskectomy	The removal of part of an intervertebral disk via a tube through the skin
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty	Bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures in a minimally-invasive procedure.
Laminectomy	The surgical removal of the lamina (posterior portion of the vertebrae).
Spinal Fusion	A technique to join together two or more vertebrae
Decompressive Craniectomy	The surgical removal of a portion of the skull.
Intracranial pressure	The amount of pressure inside the skull which pushes out on the cranial bones.
Craniotomy	The surgical incision or opening into the skull
Osteotomy	The surgical cutting and reshaping of a bone.
Closed Reduction	AKA manipulation. The attempted non-surgical realignment of the bone.
Open reduction	A surgical procedure to realign the parts of the bone.
Immobilization	AKA stabilization. The act of holding or fastening a bone to a fixed position.
Traction	A pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction to aid in alignment
External Fixation	Using an external appliance to hold bones firmly in place while healing, then removed.
Internal Fixation	Using hardware directly against the bone to repair an injury or flaw, which usually remains in the body indefinitely.
TKR, THR	Total Knee Replacement, Total Hip Replacement
OA, OP	Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
PKR	Partial Knee Replacement

Created by: SBezek

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