quiz, also included in exam 3
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| ruminant stomach compartments | rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
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| average body temperature | 102.5
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| average lifespan | 16-18 yrs, useful for 7-8 yrs
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| sheep term: genus and species | Ovis aries
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| sheep term: group | flock
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| sheep term: babies | lambs
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| sheep term: intact male | ram
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| sheep term: adult female | ewe
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| sheep term: castrated male | wether
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| sheep term: latin objective | ovine
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| are sheep intelligent? | no, but they respond to habit and easy handling
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| are sheep gregarious? | yes
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| what are sheep raised for? | meat, wool, some milk
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| which continents/countries have the most control in the sheep market? | Asia, New Zealand, Australia
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| parts of the U.S. sheep industry | producers, lamb feeders, lamb processors, wool buyers/warehouses, shearers, other support industries
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| how are sheep production systems in the U.S. normally categorized? | range production or farm flock production (smaller)
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| wool terminology: fleece | the wool from one sheep
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| wool terminology: clip | amount of wool shorn from one flock
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| wool terminology: crimp | number of waves per inch - more with finer wool
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| wool terminology: course/fine | equal to diameter of wool shaft
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| wool terminology: lanolin | natural oil produced by sheep
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| causes of decline in the sheep industry | INTERNAL PARASITES, predation, diseases, high feed/energy costs, low efficiency, requires skilled labor, lower consumption, consolidation of sheep packing industry, competition from imported lamb cuts
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| goat terminology: genus and species | Capra hircus
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| goat terminology: group | herd
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| goat terminology: babies | kids
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| goat terminology: young intact males | buckling
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| goat terminology: castrated male | wether
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| goat terminology: young female | doeling
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| goat terminology: adult male | billy
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| goat terminology: adult female | doe
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| goat terminology: latin adjective | caprine
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| are goats intelligent? | somewhat, mostly curious, still responsive to handling and habit
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| what are goats raised for? | meat, milk, cashmere
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| why has the goat industry expanded in the U.S. recently? | rise in popularity and meat demand: ethnic populations purchase meat for meals, interest in dairy products, can be raised on small plots with sparse vegetation, small investment, less competition from other producers, prolificacy
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| top sheep/goat producing states in the U.S. | Texas, California, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah
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| types of systems | farm flocks and range flocks, seedstock, feedlots for lambs, stocker, dairy
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| meat production | · primary income: sale of live animals for meat, sale of meat
· most popular sheep and goat enterprise
· feedlots common for sheep, not goats
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| dairy production | · primary income: sale of milk, cheese, etc
· similar operations as dairy cattle, just smaller scale
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| fiber production | · fiber sales are significant portion of income
· fiber types: wool, mohair, cashmere
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| landscape management | · land improvement on or off farm
· fee-based grazing
· requires transportation and movable fences
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| what do you need to raise sheep and goats? | · land
· feed
· fencing
· housing and shelter
· feeders
· watering system
· skilled labor
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| how do you age sheep and goats? | · look at teeth
· 1 yr old: 1st set of two permanent incisors
· 2 yrs old: 2nd set of four permanent incisors
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| nutrition | · major role in productivity, health, and well-being of flock/herd
· feed costs: ~2/3 total production cost
· nutrient requirements vary: age, body weight, production stage
· 75-90% total diet is forage, supplement with grain
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| nutrition (2) | · lambs/kids can be finished to acceptable market grade without grain
· sheep graze on grasses/clovers, sheep browse broadleaf plants/weeds/trees
·under/overshot jaw -> inefficient consumption
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| lambing/kidding | · critical for production: economic return of ewe/doe largely depends on reproductive success
· newborn must receive colostrum in first hour: passive immunity, may be given via stomach tube
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| breeding and reproduction | · short-day breeders (fall), seasonally polyestrous
· some breeds can breed in spring for fall lambs - lowered conception rates
· know seasonal patterns of your specific breed
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| sheep estrous cycle length | 17 days
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| goat estrous cycle length | 21 days
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| estrus (standing heat) period | 24-30 hours
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| gestation length | 147-150 days
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| puberty | · highly variable depending on breed
· males ~8 months, females ~10 months
· females should not be bred until ~70% of mature weight
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| prolificacy | 50% singles, 45% twins, 3% triplets
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| most common internal parasite | · Haemonchus contortus, aka barber pole worm
· causes anemia
· increasing drug resistance -> problems with parasite control in production
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| differences between sheep and goats | · tail position: up in goat, down in sheep
· fiber type: hair in goat, wool in sheep
· chromosome #: 60 in goat, 54 in sheep
· wattles: neck/ear tassels on goat, not sheep
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| sheep: meat breeds | · wool: intermediate fiber diameter and staple length
· excellent growth and carcass
· mostly of British origin: Hampshire, Suffolk, Dorset
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| sheep: fine wool breeds | · wool: smallest fiber diameter, most valuable in market
· best adapted for hot, dry climates
· hardy, long-lived, gregarious, breed out of season
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| sheep: long wool breeds | · wool: largest fiber diameter, staple length, and yield
· wool popular among hand spinners
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| sheep: dual purpose breeds | · crosses between fine and medium wool
· raised for meat but have better quality wool than medium-wool meat breeds
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| sheep: hair and double coated breeds | · has hair or mixture of hair and wool that is naturally shed
· does not require shearing or tail docking
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| most popular breeds of sheep in Louisiana | Suffolk, Hampshire, Dorset, Southdown
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