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1011 small ruminant
quiz, also included in exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ruminant stomach compartments | rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum |
| average body temperature | 102.5 |
| average lifespan | 16-18 yrs, useful for 7-8 yrs |
| sheep term: genus and species | Ovis aries |
| sheep term: group | flock |
| sheep term: babies | lambs |
| sheep term: intact male | ram |
| sheep term: adult female | ewe |
| sheep term: castrated male | wether |
| sheep term: latin objective | ovine |
| are sheep intelligent? | no, but they respond to habit and easy handling |
| are sheep gregarious? | yes |
| what are sheep raised for? | meat, wool, some milk |
| which continents/countries have the most control in the sheep market? | Asia, New Zealand, Australia |
| parts of the U.S. sheep industry | producers, lamb feeders, lamb processors, wool buyers/warehouses, shearers, other support industries |
| how are sheep production systems in the U.S. normally categorized? | range production or farm flock production (smaller) |
| wool terminology: fleece | the wool from one sheep |
| wool terminology: clip | amount of wool shorn from one flock |
| wool terminology: crimp | number of waves per inch - more with finer wool |
| wool terminology: course/fine | equal to diameter of wool shaft |
| wool terminology: lanolin | natural oil produced by sheep |
| causes of decline in the sheep industry | INTERNAL PARASITES, predation, diseases, high feed/energy costs, low efficiency, requires skilled labor, lower consumption, consolidation of sheep packing industry, competition from imported lamb cuts |
| goat terminology: genus and species | Capra hircus |
| goat terminology: group | herd |
| goat terminology: babies | kids |
| goat terminology: young intact males | buckling |
| goat terminology: castrated male | wether |
| goat terminology: young female | doeling |
| goat terminology: adult male | billy |
| goat terminology: adult female | doe |
| goat terminology: latin adjective | caprine |
| are goats intelligent? | somewhat, mostly curious, still responsive to handling and habit |
| what are goats raised for? | meat, milk, cashmere |
| why has the goat industry expanded in the U.S. recently? | rise in popularity and meat demand: ethnic populations purchase meat for meals, interest in dairy products, can be raised on small plots with sparse vegetation, small investment, less competition from other producers, prolificacy |
| top sheep/goat producing states in the U.S. | Texas, California, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah |
| types of systems | farm flocks and range flocks, seedstock, feedlots for lambs, stocker, dairy |
| meat production | · primary income: sale of live animals for meat, sale of meat · most popular sheep and goat enterprise · feedlots common for sheep, not goats |
| dairy production | · primary income: sale of milk, cheese, etc · similar operations as dairy cattle, just smaller scale |
| fiber production | · fiber sales are significant portion of income · fiber types: wool, mohair, cashmere |
| landscape management | · land improvement on or off farm · fee-based grazing · requires transportation and movable fences |
| what do you need to raise sheep and goats? | · land · feed · fencing · housing and shelter · feeders · watering system · skilled labor |
| how do you age sheep and goats? | · look at teeth · 1 yr old: 1st set of two permanent incisors · 2 yrs old: 2nd set of four permanent incisors |
| nutrition | · major role in productivity, health, and well-being of flock/herd · feed costs: ~2/3 total production cost · nutrient requirements vary: age, body weight, production stage · 75-90% total diet is forage, supplement with grain |
| nutrition (2) | · lambs/kids can be finished to acceptable market grade without grain · sheep graze on grasses/clovers, sheep browse broadleaf plants/weeds/trees ·under/overshot jaw -> inefficient consumption |
| lambing/kidding | · critical for production: economic return of ewe/doe largely depends on reproductive success · newborn must receive colostrum in first hour: passive immunity, may be given via stomach tube |
| breeding and reproduction | · short-day breeders (fall), seasonally polyestrous · some breeds can breed in spring for fall lambs - lowered conception rates · know seasonal patterns of your specific breed |
| sheep estrous cycle length | 17 days |
| goat estrous cycle length | 21 days |
| estrus (standing heat) period | 24-30 hours |
| gestation length | 147-150 days |
| puberty | · highly variable depending on breed · males ~8 months, females ~10 months · females should not be bred until ~70% of mature weight |
| prolificacy | 50% singles, 45% twins, 3% triplets |
| most common internal parasite | · Haemonchus contortus, aka barber pole worm · causes anemia · increasing drug resistance -> problems with parasite control in production |
| differences between sheep and goats | · tail position: up in goat, down in sheep · fiber type: hair in goat, wool in sheep · chromosome #: 60 in goat, 54 in sheep · wattles: neck/ear tassels on goat, not sheep |
| sheep: meat breeds | · wool: intermediate fiber diameter and staple length · excellent growth and carcass · mostly of British origin: Hampshire, Suffolk, Dorset |
| sheep: fine wool breeds | · wool: smallest fiber diameter, most valuable in market · best adapted for hot, dry climates · hardy, long-lived, gregarious, breed out of season |
| sheep: long wool breeds | · wool: largest fiber diameter, staple length, and yield · wool popular among hand spinners |
| sheep: dual purpose breeds | · crosses between fine and medium wool · raised for meat but have better quality wool than medium-wool meat breeds |
| sheep: hair and double coated breeds | · has hair or mixture of hair and wool that is naturally shed · does not require shearing or tail docking |
| most popular breeds of sheep in Louisiana | Suffolk, Hampshire, Dorset, Southdown |
Created by:
junoregan
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