Large Animal Nutrition
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| show | depend on enzymes in digestive tract, break down east to digest animal sourced nutrients, NO fermentation.
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| Herbivores | show 🗑
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| Omnivores | show 🗑
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| Nutrient | show 🗑
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| Energy Producing Nutrients | show 🗑
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| Non-energy Producing Nutrients | show 🗑
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| Water | show 🗑
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| show | -metabolism of ALL nutrients in the body, digestion, transport of solutes and gases, urine output, absorption/metabolism of water-soluble vitamins, body temp reg, electrolyte reg, lubricates joints and eyes.
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| Protein | show 🗑
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| Protein Functions | show 🗑
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| show | essential nutrient, cannot be synthesized by the body, must be supplied in diet. Non-essential can be synthesized by the body. Uses synthesis.
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| Fats (lipids) | show 🗑
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| Fats Functions | show 🗑
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| show | this deficiency causes poor hair coat, skin infections, wt loss, and decreased immune system.
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| show | sugars and starches, foods of plant origin, used mainly for energy
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| Simple Carbohydrates | show 🗑
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| show | -Starch
-Glycogen
-Fiber
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| show | nutrient often mistaken as a complex carbohydrate, found in plant sources of food, positive effects on health, resists enzymatic digestion. Soluble is fermentable, insoluble is passed into feces.
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| show | -Psyllium
-Guar gum
-Pectin
-Beet pulp
-Wheat bran
-Cellulose
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| Vitamins | show 🗑
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| show | vitamins stored in the body, may accumulate to toxic levels (A, D, E, K).
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| Water Soluble Vitamins | show 🗑
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| Minerals | show 🗑
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| Minerals (examples) | show 🗑
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| show | levels of nutrients needed to sustain body wt without gain/loss, minimum level of dietary need, requirements are generally higher than the MNR. Used by livestock producers.
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| show | -body size, health status, stress, environment, exercise, behavior, genetics, reproductive status, gender, breed.
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| show | general measure of the nutritive value of feed.
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| Gross Energy (GE) | show 🗑
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| Digestible Energy (DE) | show 🗑
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| show | energy available to the animal after energy from feces, urine, and combustible gases have been subtracted from gross energy, used to express the energy content of foods and commercial diets.
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| show | actual portion of energy available to the animal for use in maintaining body values or during pregnancy or lactation.
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| show | any dietary component that provides some essential nutrient or serves some other function. Divided into categories: forages (roughage), concentrates, byproducts, mineral and vitamin supplements, non-nutritive additives.
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| show | provides bulk, flavor, odor, color, or act as an antioxidant.
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| Forages | show 🗑
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| show | feed low in fiber, high in energy/protein. Energy contained in starch & added to diet to increase energy density. Includes: cereal grains (barley, corn, millet, oats, rye, sorghum, wheat), molasses, root crops (beets, carrots), potatoes.
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| show | residues of the feed-processing industry, span wide variety of feedstuffs, contain substantial amounts of fermentable fiber, energy, and protein.
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| show | sources of individual/combo of minerals, with or without vitamins. Fat-soluble supplemented in premixes. Water-soluble usually supplemented in swine/horse diets. Yeast cultures are a good source of B-complex.
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| Non-nutritive Additives | show 🗑
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| show | these cows require forage and grain fed separately, can either have high protein concentrate/low protein forage or low protein concentrate/high protein forage. Forage free choice always, concentrates twice daily, silage 1-2 times/day.
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| Dairy Cattle- Carbohydrate Intake | show 🗑
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| show | these are received from concentrates, should be 5-6 % of total energy intake.
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| show | these are received by consuming Legume hay (alfalfa). Meet these needs during lactation and reproduction.
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| Dairy Cattle- Colostrum | show 🗑
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| Diary Cattle- Cost | show 🗑
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| show | feeding represents 75% of the cost of the production of these cows.
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| show | goal is to control profitability by attaining optimal nutrient intake with least cost. 2 areas: cow-calf production and finishing cattle.
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| Goal of Cow-calf Production | show 🗑
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| show | these cattle get energy mostly from carbohydrates, then protein, then fats. Need forages w/ significant fiber content, supply energy w/ silage or hay. Animal protein sources are NOT allowed.
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| show | need to be supplemented with minerals and salt (1-5 lbs/cow/day).
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| Calves- Feeding | show 🗑
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| show | sometimes these calves are put on another cow, feed like dairy cows, colostrum is still important.
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| show | time in the growth phase where cattle are fed to produce beef, maximum feed intake & wt gain without digestive upset, most 1-2 yrs old, high energy diets.
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| Finishing Cattle- Feed Requirements | show 🗑
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| Sheep (Ewes/breeding)- Feeding | show 🗑
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| show | require colostrum within 1st hour, start w/ milk replacer, weaned to solid feed at 3-4 wks. Need 16-20% protein.
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| show | 50-85 lbs.
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| show | over 85 lbs.
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| show | overeating dz, caused by overeating of grain rich rations, vacc at 2 months of age for lambs.
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| Pigs- Feeding Cost | show 🗑
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| show | last month of gestation in these breeding animals needs energy increase, lactation is the highest energy demand, feed sows twice a day, protein 11-12%, piglets need iron supplements.
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| Starter Pigs | show 🗑
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| show | pigs that need complete rations, fiber is used minimally, need amino acid supplements (Lysine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine).
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| show | largest cost of operation in horses.
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| Horses- Feeding | show 🗑
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| Light Work Horses | show 🗑
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| show | horses that require 1.5% of horses body wt in dry matter, grain should be 2-3 lbs per hour of activity
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| show | horses that require 1.5% of horses body wt in dry matter, grain should be over 4 lbs per hour of activity.
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| Foals- Feeding | show 🗑
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| Creep Feeding | show 🗑
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| Sick Horses- Feed | show 🗑
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Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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