Veterinary Medical Terminology
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| Angio | Vessel
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| Arthro | Joint
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| Audio | Hearing
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| Auro | Ear
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| Caud | Tail
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| Cardio | Heart
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| Carcin | Cancer
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| Cholin | Acetylcholine
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| Chole | bile
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| Chondro | Cartilage
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| Cranio | Head
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| Crin | Secrete
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| Crypt | Hidden
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| Cyan | Blue
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| Cysto | Bladder
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| Cyte | Cell
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| Dermato | Skin
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| Dento | Teeth
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| Encephalo | Brain
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| Entero | Intestine
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| Erythro | Red
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| Gastro | Stomach
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| Geno | To produce
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| Glu and Gly | Glucose (sugar)
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| Hemo and Hemato | Blood
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| Hepato | Liver
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| Histo | Tissue
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| Homeo | Sameness
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| Hydro | Water
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| Hystero | Uterus
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| Iatro | Physician
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| iatro-genic | relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment
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| iatro-culture | The culture of medical professionals.
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| histo-logist | a professional who studies the microscopic structure of tissue
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| histo-lysis | the decay and dissolution of organic tissues or of blood
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| Irido | Iris
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| irido-tomy | Incision of the iris
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| Karyo | Nucleu
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| Karyo-cyte | Any cell that possesses a nucleus
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| Kine | To move
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| Lacto | Milk
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| Latero | Side
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| Lith | Stone
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| Medio | Middle
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| Melano | Black
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| Morph | Form, shape, structure
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| Myo | Muscle
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| Myelo | Marrow
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| myelo-fibrosis | bone marrow disorder
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| myelo-malacia | spinal bleeding
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| Necro | Death
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| Nephro | Kidney
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| Ophthalmo | Eye
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| Oro | Mouth
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| Orchio | Testicle
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| Os, Osseo, Osteo | Bone
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| Oto | Ear
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| Parturio | Birth
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| Parturiti-on | the action of giving birth to young
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| Patho | Disease
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| Pharm | Drug
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| Phil | To love, to attact
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| hydro-phil-ic | having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
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| Physio | Nature
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| Plantar | Sole (hindfoot)
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| Pnea | Breathing
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| A-pnea | temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep
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| Pulmono | Lung
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| Reno | Kidney
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| Retro | Backward
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| Soma | Body
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| Sirat | Breathing
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| Stalsis | Contraction
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| Peri-stalsis | the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
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| Stasis | To stop
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| Terato | Monster
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| Thora | Chest
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| Thrombo | Clot
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| Toxo | Poison
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| Tricho | Hair
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| Tropo | To turn; to influence
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| Ur | Urine
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| Vaso | Vessel
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| Veno | Vein
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| Volvo | To Twist
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| A- | Absence
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| Ab- | Away
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| Ad- | Toward
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| Anis- | Unequal
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| Ante- | Before
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| Baso- | Blue
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| Brachy- | Short
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| Brady- | Slow
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| Co- | Together
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| Dys- | Difficult
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| En- or Endo- | Within
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| Epi- | Upon
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| Ex- or Extra | Out
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| Hyper- | Excess, above normal
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| Hypo- | Under
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| Inter- | Between
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| Intra- | Within
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| Ipsi- | Same
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| Mal- | Bad
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| Neo- | New
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| Oligo- | Small
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| Olig-uria | the low output of urine,
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| Pan- | All
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| Para- | Near, Close to, in close proximity
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| Peri- | Around, circle or closed curve, containing a thing
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| Poly- | Many
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| Pre- or Pro- | Before
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| Pseudo- | False
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| Sym- or Syn- | Together
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| Tachy- | Fast
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| Telo- | End
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| Median Plane | Divides a body into equal right and left halves
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| Dorsal Plane | Divides body into equal upper and lower halves
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| Saggital Plane | Any plane to the right or left of the median plane
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| Transverse Plane | Divides the body into equal front and back halves
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| Anterior | Pertaining to front or before
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| Caudal | Pertaining to the tail
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| Cranial | Pertaining to the head
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| Dorsoventral | Pertaining to the back and belly. Directionally, pertaining to coursing from the dorsum to the belly
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| Lateral | Pertaining to the side
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| Medial | Pertaining to the middle
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| Mediolateral | Pertaining to the middle and side. Directionally, pertaining to coursing from the middle to the side.
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| Posterior | Pertaining to the rear
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| Rostral | Pertaining to the nose
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| Contralateral | Pertaining to the opposite side. antonym: ipsilateral
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| Caudocranial | Pertaining to the tail and head. Directionally, pertaining to coursing from the tail to the head.
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| Cranicaudal | Pertaining to head and tail. Directionally, pertaining to coursing from the head to the tail.
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| Dorsal | Pertaining to the back. Clinically, refers to the dorsum of the head, neck, trunk, and tail. Oriented the same as the surface of the back.
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| Palmar | Pertaining to the palm. In veterinary medicine, refers to the sole of the forefoot of domestic animals.
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| Plantar | Pertaining to the sole. In veterinary medicine, refers to the sole of the hindfeet of domestic animals
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| Ventral | Pertaining to the belly. Clinically, refers to those surfaces of the head, neck, trunk, and tail oriented the same as the belly surface.
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| Epithelial Tissue | tissues that line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs.
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| Connective Tissue | A type of tissue found throughout the body. It connects structures together, providing support and protection.
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| Muscle Tissue | Unique form of tissue that has the capacity to contract and relax which changes the overall length of the muscle from one moment to the next.
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| Neural Tissue | Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is composed of nerve cells (neurons).
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| Thoracic (Pleural) Cavity | Body Cavity lined by pleura, contains heart and lungs.
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| Cranial Vault | Body Cavity containing the brain.
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| Abdominal (Peritoneal) Cavity | Body Cavity lined by peritoneum, contains many organs including liver, stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder.
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| Smooth muscle | *cells lack striations (stripes) Type of muscle tissue usually associated with unconscious, involuntary muscle activity.
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| Cardiac Muscle | Under unconscious, involuntary control. Found only in the heart. Its cells are striated and uniquely joined together end to end. (intercalated discs)
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| Skeletal Muscle | Type of muscle composed of billions of myocytes, called muscle fibers. It is under voluntary control.
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| Fibrous Connective Tissue | A very dense tissue composed of many tightly packed, thick collagen fibers and fine elastic fibers. (ligaments)
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| Elastic Connective Tissue | tissue that contains numerous elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers, which allows the tissue to return to its original length after stretching
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| Loose Connective Tissue | A more delicate type of connective tissue. In general, it forms thin membranes throughout the body, like basement membrane that anchors epithelium to underlying tissue and holds organs in place.
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| Cartilage | A somewhat rigid form of connective tissue that is unique in that it does not have a direct blood supply. Nutrients are received from other surrounding connective tissue with abundant blood supplies.
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| Bone | The most dense/rigid type of connective tissue. Its hardness results from the presence of minerals and mineral salts in its matrix.
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| Simple Epithelial Tissue | composed of single layers of cells
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| Stratified Epithelial Tissue | arranged in layers
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| Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue | appear to be arrange in layers but are not actually
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| Squamous Epithelial Tissue | composed of thin, flattened cells
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| Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue | composed of cube-like cells
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| Columnar Epithelial Tissue | those that consist of tall, elongated cells
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| Plasma | Liquid component of blood: water, proteins, sugars, lipids, electrolytes
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| Plasma color- Hemolysis | the process of destroying blood; clinically refers to lysis or breakage of erythrocytes.
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| Plasma color- Lipemia | a condition of fat blood; clinically refers to an excess of fats or lipids in the blood, giving a milky appearance to the blood and plasma
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| Plasma color- Icteric | Pertaining to icterus; jaundice. This is due to bilirunemia: a condition of bilirubin blood. Biliruben = bile pigment produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in erythrocytes.
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| Erythrocytes | (red cells) carry oxygen
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| Thrombocytes | (platelets) initiate blood clotting. Originate from megakaryocytes.
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| Leukocytes | (white cells) immune system. Granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. Agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphocytes (create antibodies)
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| Hemostasis | "To maintain blood" the process of blood stoppage. (the process of clotting) Platelets are involved in the first step in the clotting cascade.
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| Granulocytes | Neutrophil- "neutral" granule staining, eosinophil- "red" granule staining, and Basophil- "blue" granule staining. *ALL granulocytes originate from the same pleuripotent stem cell in the bone marrow.
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| Agranulocytes | Monocyte (macrophage), and lymphocyte
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| Diapedesis | "walk across" cells migrate through blood vessel walls to provide phagocytic services out in the tissues of the body. (neutrophils and monocytes)
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| Monocyte | The largest of the leukocytes. Its nucleus tends to be large and potentially multilobed, with a very loose, lightly basophilic staining chromatin pattern. The abundant cytoplasm is homogenous, and a light grayish color. (Agranulocyte, Macrophage)
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| Lymphocyte | Get smaller with age. Older ones have very little cytoplasm. Their nuclear morphology is usually round to ovoid. (Agranulocyte)
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| Neutrophil (disease fighter) | Nucleus tends to take many shapes but is usually very linear, curved, and somewhat lobated (polymorphonuclear). Mature cells get very condensed with dark purple staining characteristics. Important in ridding the body of foreign invaders. Potent enzymes.
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| Eosinophils | They are polymorphonuclear with minimal phagocytic abilities. Their nucleus characteristically stain lighter than neutrophils. Important in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Granules are important in allergic reactions.
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| Basophils | Morphologically similar to neutrophils and eosinophils. Their basophilic staining granules are important in allergic reactions. They have fewer cytoplasmic granules than other granulocytes. Cytoplasm stains lightly basophilic.
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| Pericardium | the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane
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| Epicardium | a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart
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| Myocardium | the muscular tissue of the heart.
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| Endocardium | the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.
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| Septum | is the middle portion of the cardiac wall that divides the heart into left and right sides. This division takes place over just 10 days in the 4th and 5th week of an embryo's development. Its job is to prevent mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood.
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| Diastole | the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.
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| Systole | the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
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