Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals Exam 2
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| What is the endocrine system made up of? | a group of ductless glands that secrete 'hormones'
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| What is the definition of a hormone? | chemical substances that are produced by ductless glands; released into the blodd stream; and carried to other parts of the body where they produce a specific regulatory effect
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| What is the endocrine route? | hormone is transported via the blood to target organ
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| What is the route by which a hormone is screted to the exterior of the body where it interacts with a target organ? | exocrine
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| What is the paracrine route? | hormone secreted into the space in between cells and the interstitial fluid carries them to the target organ
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| What is the route in which a gormone produced by the cell regulates the activity of the cell that produced it? | autocrine
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| What is the neurocrin route? | hormones diffuse through synaptic clefts similar to neurotransmitters
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| Which route does the hormone pass through gap junctions (between) cells and alters the functino of adjacent cells? | epicrine
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| What are the properties used to determine the types of hormones? | peptides (protein), amines (modifications of tyrosine), and steroids (cholesterol)
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| Where are peptide hormones and amines stored? | in secretory granules by endocrine cells
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| Can steriod hormones be stored? | No, they must be synthesized.
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| What is the purpose of gastron? | stimulates release of gastric juices for digestion to being
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| Where is gastrin released? | wall of stomach
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| Which hormone stimulates secretion of intestinal/pancreatic juices to continue digestion in duodenum? | Secretin
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| Where is secretin produced? | wall of small intestine
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| What hormone is produce in the kidney and what does it do? | erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow
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| Where are the peptide hormone receptors located? | cell membrane
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| How is the response time of the peptide hormone receptors? | Rapid and quickly reversed as well
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| What are the secondary messengers? | cellular components that bring about desired hormone effects of hormone after bindingof hormone to receptor
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| Which hormone receptors are found in the cytoplasm/nucleus? | steroid
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| How is the response time of steriod hormone receptors? | They are slower than the peptide hormone receptors but last longer.
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| Increase production of this brings about desired effect of hormone. | protein
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| Which organs only function to produce hormones? | Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal
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| Which hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus? | CRH, GnRH, GHRH, TRH
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| What do the hormones of the hypothalamus do? | synethesizes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones
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| The hypothalamus stimulates the release of various hormones from what? | adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
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| Which gland contains hormones that generally affect the function of many organs in a variety of systems? | pituitary
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| What are the two histologically distinct tissues and another name for them? | Anterior lobe, epithelial tissue, Adenohypophysis; posterior lobe, neural tissue, Neurohypophysis
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| What does adeno- mean? | gland
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