Veterinary Medical Terminology Chapter 3
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| DJD | degenerative joint disease
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| fx | fracture
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| IVDD | intervertebral disc disease
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| P1 | phalanx 1
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| P2 | phalanx 2
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| P3 | phalanx 3 or coffin bone in the horse
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis
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| ROM | range of motion
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| tax/o | combining form for coordination or order
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| gastr/o | combining form for stomach
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| clon/o | combining form for violent action (spasm)
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| oste/o | combining form for bone
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| -blasts | immature
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| -clasts | break
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| hemat/o | combining form for blood
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| oste/o, oss/e, oss/i | combining form for bone
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| arthr/o | combining form for joint
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| chondr/o | combining form for cartilage
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| epi- | above
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| physis- | growth
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| dia- | between
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| peri- | surrounding
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| -um | structure
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| endo- | within or inner
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| meta- | beyond
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| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening
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| -malacia | abnormal softening
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| ligament/o | combining form for ligament
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| ten/o, tend/o, and tendin/o | combining form for tendon
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| burs/o | combining form for bursa
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| synovi/o | combining form for synovial membrane and synovial fluid
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| spondyl/o and vertebr/o | combining form for vertebra
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| disc/o | combining form for discs
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| ante- | before
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| cost/o | combining form for rib
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| onchy/o | combining form for claw
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| meta- | beyond
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| ankyl/o | combining form for bent or stiff
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| goni/o | combining form for angle or seed
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| -desis | means to bind or surgical fixation of a bone or joint
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| fasci/o or fasc/i | combining form for fascia
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| aponeur/o | combining form for aponeurosis which is a fibrous sheet that provides attachment to muscular fibers and is a means of origin or insertion of a flat muscle
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| my/o | combining form for muscle
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| fibr/o and fibros/o | combining form for fibrous tissue
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| syn- | together
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| erg | work
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| agon | struggle
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| anti- | against
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| ton/o | combining form for tone, tension or stretching
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| epi- | above
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| kinesi/o | combining form for movement
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| -kinesis | movement
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| hematopoietic | pertaining to the formation of blood
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| fontanelle | soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth
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| synarthroses | allow no movement
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| amphiarthroses | allow slight movement
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| diarthroses | allow free movement
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| suture | a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint; found in the skull
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| ligament | band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone to help stabilize joints
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| tendon | band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone to help the animal move
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| axial skeleton | framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
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| appendicular skeleton | framework of the body that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle
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| foramen | opening
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| sternum | breastbone
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| manubrium | cranial portion of the sternum
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| xiphoid | caudal portion of the sternum
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| ungulate | animal with hooves
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| splint bones | metacarpals and metatarsals II and IV
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| cannon bone | third metacarpal or metatarsal bone
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| fetlock joint | joint between metacarpal (metatarsal) III and the proximal phalanx
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| pastern joint | joint between P1 and P2
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| coffin joint | joint between P2 and P3
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| P1 | long pastern
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| P2 | short pastern
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| P3 | coffin bone
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| sesamoid bones | small nodualr bones embedded in a tendon or joint capsule
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| navicular bone | in horses is the common name for the sesamoid bone located inside the hoof on the palmar or plantar surface of P3
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| patella | large sesamoid bone in the rear limb
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| stifle joint | joint that houses the patella
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| muscle origin | place where a muscle begins, or originates, and is the more fixed attachment or the end of the muscle closest to the midline
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| muscle insertion | place where a muscle ends, or inserts, and is the more movable end or portion of the muscle farthest from the midline
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