RBC Morphology
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| Under what magnification are microfilariae, phagocytized organisms, atypical cells, and platelet clumping first assessed under? | Low magnification (10x or 20x)
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| Under what magnification is RBC morphology, WBC morphology, and Platelet morphology assessed? | Oil-immersion (100x)
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| Erythrocytes that are stacked as if in a row like coins is called what? | rouleaux
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| In what species is rouleaux normally found? | feline and equine
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| The irregular clumping of RBC's is called what? | agglutination
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| What kind of anemia frequently has agglutination of the erythrocytes? | IMHA (Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia)
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| What does metarubricytosis mean? | increased nucleated RBC's in blood
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| When an animal is first diagnosed with an anemia the first thing that needs to be decided is what? | Is it regenerative or non-regenerative?
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| What is the normal measurement of a canine RBC? | 7 microns
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| What distinguishes a canine RBC from a feline RBC? | central pallor is more pronounced in canine and canine are larger
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| Where should RBC morphology be looked at on a blood film? | monolayer
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| Abnormal RBC shapes is called what? | poikilocytosis
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| Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria can be found in what area of a blood film usually? | feathered edge
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| If RBCs have a pale color and the central pallor is enlarged what would that be called? | hypochromic RBC
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| If the MCV is increased what could be causing this increase? | macrocytosis due to a regenerative anemia
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| Acanthocytes are usually seen in dogs with spleen or liver disorders. What do acanthocytes look like? | RBC with irregular unevenly spaced projections
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| What is another name for codocyte? | target cell, mexican hat cell
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| Codocytes are common in what type of anemia? | regenerative
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| What is the reason for the RBC to form a"target"? | Because there is more RBC membrane than Hgb inside so it forms a bulge in the center of the cell.
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| A dacryocyte is shaped how? | tear drop
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| If the dacryocytes are all pointing in the same direction is this a pathological problem or an artifact and why? | artifact due to smear preparation
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| What is the difference in appearance between echinocytes and acanthocytes? | echinocytes have equally spaced projections and acanthocytes are irregularly spaced
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| If a dog is bitten by a rattlesnake what RBC morphology could be seen? | echinocytes
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| Crenation is also called what? | artifactual echinocytosis
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| What causes crenation? | not drying blood film fast enough and exposure to EDTA
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| Elliptocytes are normally found in what species? | camelids, avians, reptiles, and amphibians
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| Schistocytes are formed due to what? | Fibrin strands in vessels that traumatize the RBCs as they flow through
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| Schistocytes are commonly seen in what disease situation? | DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
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| The word part kerato means what? | horn
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| A keratocyte looks like a RBC with what? | horns
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| A RBC that contains the same volume of Hgb but appears on blood smear to be small and have no central pallor and are commonly seen in IMHA is called what? | spherocyte
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| A RBC that has a mouth like central pallor is called what? | stomatocyte
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| What can cause stomatocytes? | hereditary defect in some breeds or as an artifact
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| Another name for punched out cell is what? | Torocyte
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| What do we as technicians have to differentiate when we see a torocyte to be sure it isn't this? | hypochromic cells
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| Deer breeds are known to have this shape of RBC. | drepanocytes (sickle-shaped)
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| Describe what a polychromatic RBC would look like. | larger than normal, bluish
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| Polychromasia is a sign of what type of anemia? | regenerative
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| If there is not any polychromasia, no nRBC's, no anisocytosis and the dog has a PCV of 18%; is this regenerative or non-regenerative anemia? | non-regenerative
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| What stain is used to stain for reticulocytes? | New Methylene Blue
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| If polychromatophils are seen in a blood film what should be the next step to perform with the blood sample to see if the anemia is regenerative or non-regenerative? | reticulocyte stain with New Methylene Blue
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| Which type of reticulocyte do we count in cats when performing a reticulocyte count? | aggregate
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| What are the two types of reticulocytes seen in cats? | punctate and aggregate
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| When staining with NMB stain for reticulocytes what is it that the stain is adhering to for us to be able to see the reticulocytes? | RNA
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| When you see reticulocytes in numbers greater than 60,000 microliters in cats is that a good sign or bad sign? | good
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| When you see reticulocytes in numbers greater than 80,000 microliters in dogs is that a good sign or bad sign? | good
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| Would it be necessary to perform a NMB stain on an equine blood film to assess anemia? | No. They normally are not present in the equine blood.
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| When a ruminant has a regenerative anemia these inclusions may be seen on the erythrocyte. | basophilic stippling
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| If a dog is poisoned with lead these inclusion bodies may be seen on the RBC. | basophilic stippling
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| This inclusion body protrudes from the surface of the erythrocyte and can appear as slightly pale when using Wright's stain. | Heinz bodies
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| Heinz bodies can be seen as pale blue, protruding, rounded structures when NMB stain is used to stain the blood film. True or False | True
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| What are Heinz bodies composed of? | denatured Hgb caused by oxidative damage
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| What species can Heinz bodies be normally found? | felines
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| This inclusion is a nuclear remnant found on the surface of the RBC. | Howell-Jolly body
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