Neurology 300
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| How many Branches does a spinal nerve have? | Four
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| The highest point of the Illac crest is at lumbar vertebrae? | Four
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| Somatic nervous system refers to which type of muscles | Motor axons
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| The end of the spinal cord is at lumbar vertebrae? | Two
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| When you bend forward what happens to the spinal processes? They | Separate
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| Which space is the epidural needle inserted (L3-s1)? | Epidural space
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| What type of cells nourish neurons, form Myelin, protect, support nervous system; a.k.a. glia or simple cells? (Not neurons) | Neuroglia
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| Blood vessels that feed blood vessels are termed? | Vasavasorum
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| Blood vessels that feed nerve cells are termed? | Vasanervorum
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| What is it called when only a single nerve is affected? | Mononeuropathy
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| What is it called when several peripheral nerves are involved? | Poly neuropathy
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| What is it termed when there is involvement of the nerve root as it emerges from the spinal cord? | Radiculoneuropathy
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| What is it termed when there is involvement of several nerve roots and infection creates an inflammatory response? | Polyradiculitis
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| Which vertebrae numbers 3 to 5 is the location of where they perform a spinal tap? | lumbar
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| A spinal tap is a lumbar puncture/long needle to withdraw ? ( goes through the Dura Mater) | Spinal fluid
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| What is it termed when there is a local conduction block in a peripheral nerve (no damage to axon or tissue distal to the lesion) | Compression syndrome of peripheral nerve
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| Where does compression syndrome of peripheral nerve occur?_____ and what are the symptoms?, tingling, numbing, weakness, pain | PNS
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| What is the term used for the Salvatory gland or cheek gland? | Parotoid
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| The term used for bundle of axons in the CNS (brain and spinal cord) is termed? | Tracts
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| The term used for bundles of axons in the PNS (peripheral nervous system) is? | Nerves
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| The term used for a group of cell bodies in the brain (C N S) is? | Nuclei
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| The term used for a group of cell bodies in the PNS is? | Ganglion
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| Spinal nerves have three coverings what are they and which Layer are they? 1. Endoneurium- inner -wraps axon 2. _________ - middle - wraps fascicles 3. Epineurium - upper - wraps entire nerve | Perineurium
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| The posterior root manages which type of axons? | Sensory axons
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| The posterior root works within which system? (afferent) – skin, muscles, internal organs | CNS
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| The anterior root manages which type of axons? | Motor axons
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| The interior route works within which system? (efferent) – muscles, glands | CNS
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| Which direction do spinal cord nerves pass? ____– (as they exit the vertebral canal through intervertebral foramina) | Laterally
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| Which direction do nerves from lumbar/sacral/Coccygeal exit? They angle _______ | inferiorly
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| Gray matter receives input from receptors via which type of neuron? | Sensory
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| From the posterior root sensory axons are incoming and send info to? | Interneurons
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| Lateral gray horns are only located in which part of the spine?_______and upper lumbar spine | Thoracic
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| The autonomic nervous system is comprised of C N S and P NS systems, only one of them generates Myelin sheaths easily which one? | PNS
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| When you hit the funny bone which nerve have you hit? | Ulnar nerve
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| There are three main nerve injuries (neurapraxia, axono tomesis, and neurotomesis); which one does not involve being injured at the point of injury and distally? | Neurapraxia
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| A nerve injury that is segmental Demyelination is termed? | Neurapraxia
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| A nerve injury that only affects PNS, has no break in fibers, is fixable/reversible, is mild injury with mild local compression, 1st degree? | Neurapraxia
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| A nerve injury with endoneurium intact/prolonged severe compression/2ndDegree/sensory/motor/autonomic loss/greater than six month recovery? | Axonotmesis
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| Axonotmesis and neurotmesis both exhibit this type of regeneration | wallerian
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| Axonotmesis can still be repaired because this… Is still intact | EndoNerium
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| This nerve injury results in permanently damaged nerve because it has no endoneurium (membrane present), 3rd degree? | Neurotmesis
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| The only option for repair of neurotmesis? | Surgical
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| Examples of causes of peripheral nerve lesions include; trauma; crutches; compression of rest; fracture; edema; carrying backpack; and this _____ _____which is time for wearing tight jeans? | Moralgia parasthetica
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| What is the purpose of cerebral spinal fluid? (Hydraulic cushion) | Shock absorption
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| Where is the spinal cord located? (It is the vertebral foraMina of all of the vertebrae stacked) | Vertebral canal
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| What are the meninges? They are three protective ______ ______ coverings (surround brain and spinal cord) | Connective tissue
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| Spinal meninges connect with? | Cranial meninges
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| Which is the deepest meninges layer that supplies oxygen and nutrients to brain and spinal cord? | Pia mater
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| Which is the most superficial meninges layer (runs from occipital bone to S2)? | Dura mater
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| Where does spinal nerve c1 begin? In relation to the C-1 vertebrae | Superior
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| The meninges layer that is most delicate, avascular, loose collagen, elastic fibers? | Arachnoid mater
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| Part of the Pia mater, triangular membrane extensions, fuse with arachnoid mater, protect spinal cord, come outside? | Denticulate ligament
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| What is the term for the space that has cerebral spinal fluid, a vascular, and shock absorbing? | Sub arachnoid space
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| Inter-vertebral disc between L1 and L2 is ? | Conus medullaris
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| Anchors spinal cord to coccyx? (Runs from conus medullaris) | Filum terminale
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| Nerves that don't exit at the same level that the rest of the nerves exit the spinal cord? | cauda equina
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| How many pairs of the spinal nerves are there in the cervical spine? (_______ cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal | eight
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| What is the purpose of the spinal nerves between the spinal cord and the body? | Communication
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| Autonomic nervous system refers to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and ______ | Glands
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| The three layers of nervous tissue that protects the spinal cord include the boney Vertebral column; the space with cerebral spinal fluid ; and ______ | Meninges
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| Dura Mater is the superficial dense irregular connective tissue; Arachnoid metre is avascular, middle layer, some elastic fibres; and the last layer of the meniges is_____ ______ which is vascular innermost, then, transparent, lots of blood vessels | Pia mater
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| The three spaces involved with meninges include: epidural (fat and CT) ; sub dural (interstitial fluid) and______________(shock absorbing, avascular, cerebral spinal fluid) | Arachnoid
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| A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to cords? (Ant and post) | Two
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| Spinal meninges and cerebral spinal fluid and at what vertebrae? | s2
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| What are the four branches of the spinal nerves? Posterior ramus; anterior Ramis; meningeal branch;______ ______ | Rami communicantes
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| Spinal cord is absent between? | L2-S2
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| The Dura mater fuses with outermost layer of the nerve called? | Epineurium
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| The landmark for administering a spinal tap which passes through the fourth lumbar vertebrae is called? | Supracristal line
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| What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the spinal Dura Mater? _____ to S2 | Occipital
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| Bundles of Myelinated axons of neurons are termed? | White matter
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| Dendrites; cell bodies of neurons; unmyelinated axons and neuralgia are termed? | Gray matter
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| Extends from the medulla oblongata of the brain to the superior border of the second lumbar vertebrae? | Spinal cord
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| Lateral gray horns are found in which segments of the spinal cord? ______And upper lumbar segments | Thoracic
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| What portion of the spinal cord connects with the nerves of the upper limbs? (Brachial plexus) | Cervical enlargement
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| Axons that carry nerve impulses towards the brain (ascending)? | Sensory tracts
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| Axons that carry nerve impulses away from the brain (descending)? | Motor tracts
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| The cervical enlargement extends from C4- T1and is responsible for supplying the? | upper limb
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| The lumbar enlargement extends from T9-t 12 and is responsible for supplying the? | Lower limb
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| An extension of Pia mater that extends inferiorly, fuses with arachnoid mater, Dura Mater and anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx? | Filum terminale
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| Contains axons of sensory/feeling neurons, and cell bodies of interneurons. | Posterior gray horn
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| Contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons (regulate cardiac MM, smooth muscles and glands; PNS)? | Lateral gray horn
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| Contains cell bodies of somatic (skeletal) Motor neurons? | Anterior gray horn
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| What is the difference between a horn and a column? Horn is gray matter and call him is? | White matter
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| Two bundles of axons are called? | Root
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| White matter is more abundant in the cervical or sacral segments? | Cervical
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| Smaller bundles of axons are called? | Rootlets
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| Where are there more sensory and motor trucks in the upper or lower segments of spinal cord? | Upper
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| These contains sensory axons that conducts nerve impulses from sensory receptors in skin muscle and internal organs? | Posterior root
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| Cell bodies of a sensory neuron are termed? | Posterior root ganglion
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| Contain axons of motor neurons (conduct nerve impulses from CNS to effectors) muscles and glands? | Anterior root
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| Roots of the lower spinal nerves (wisps of hair)? | Cauda equina
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| Bundles of axons with common origin; information; destination? | Columns
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| gray mater is the most abundant in the cervical and lumbar segments b/c it is responsible for sensory and motor innervation of? | Limbs
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