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Spinal cord and nerv
Neurology 300
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many Branches does a spinal nerve have? | Four |
| The highest point of the Illac crest is at lumbar vertebrae? | Four |
| Somatic nervous system refers to which type of muscles | Motor axons |
| The end of the spinal cord is at lumbar vertebrae? | Two |
| When you bend forward what happens to the spinal processes? They | Separate |
| Which space is the epidural needle inserted (L3-s1)? | Epidural space |
| What type of cells nourish neurons, form Myelin, protect, support nervous system; a.k.a. glia or simple cells? (Not neurons) | Neuroglia |
| Blood vessels that feed blood vessels are termed? | Vasavasorum |
| Blood vessels that feed nerve cells are termed? | Vasanervorum |
| What is it called when only a single nerve is affected? | Mononeuropathy |
| What is it called when several peripheral nerves are involved? | Poly neuropathy |
| What is it termed when there is involvement of the nerve root as it emerges from the spinal cord? | Radiculoneuropathy |
| What is it termed when there is involvement of several nerve roots and infection creates an inflammatory response? | Polyradiculitis |
| Which vertebrae numbers 3 to 5 is the location of where they perform a spinal tap? | lumbar |
| A spinal tap is a lumbar puncture/long needle to withdraw ? ( goes through the Dura Mater) | Spinal fluid |
| What is it termed when there is a local conduction block in a peripheral nerve (no damage to axon or tissue distal to the lesion) | Compression syndrome of peripheral nerve |
| Where does compression syndrome of peripheral nerve occur?_____ and what are the symptoms?, tingling, numbing, weakness, pain | PNS |
| What is the term used for the Salvatory gland or cheek gland? | Parotoid |
| The term used for bundle of axons in the CNS (brain and spinal cord) is termed? | Tracts |
| The term used for bundles of axons in the PNS (peripheral nervous system) is? | Nerves |
| The term used for a group of cell bodies in the brain (C N S) is? | Nuclei |
| The term used for a group of cell bodies in the PNS is? | Ganglion |
| Spinal nerves have three coverings what are they and which Layer are they? 1. Endoneurium- inner -wraps axon 2. _________ - middle - wraps fascicles 3. Epineurium - upper - wraps entire nerve | Perineurium |
| The posterior root manages which type of axons? | Sensory axons |
| The posterior root works within which system? (afferent) – skin, muscles, internal organs | CNS |
| The anterior root manages which type of axons? | Motor axons |
| The interior route works within which system? (efferent) – muscles, glands | CNS |
| Which direction do spinal cord nerves pass? ____– (as they exit the vertebral canal through intervertebral foramina) | Laterally |
| Which direction do nerves from lumbar/sacral/Coccygeal exit? They angle _______ | inferiorly |
| Gray matter receives input from receptors via which type of neuron? | Sensory |
| From the posterior root sensory axons are incoming and send info to? | Interneurons |
| Lateral gray horns are only located in which part of the spine?_______and upper lumbar spine | Thoracic |
| The autonomic nervous system is comprised of C N S and P NS systems, only one of them generates Myelin sheaths easily which one? | PNS |
| When you hit the funny bone which nerve have you hit? | Ulnar nerve |
| There are three main nerve injuries (neurapraxia, axono tomesis, and neurotomesis); which one does not involve being injured at the point of injury and distally? | Neurapraxia |
| A nerve injury that is segmental Demyelination is termed? | Neurapraxia |
| A nerve injury that only affects PNS, has no break in fibers, is fixable/reversible, is mild injury with mild local compression, 1st degree? | Neurapraxia |
| A nerve injury with endoneurium intact/prolonged severe compression/2ndDegree/sensory/motor/autonomic loss/greater than six month recovery? | Axonotmesis |
| Axonotmesis and neurotmesis both exhibit this type of regeneration | wallerian |
| Axonotmesis can still be repaired because this… Is still intact | EndoNerium |
| This nerve injury results in permanently damaged nerve because it has no endoneurium (membrane present), 3rd degree? | Neurotmesis |
| The only option for repair of neurotmesis? | Surgical |
| Examples of causes of peripheral nerve lesions include; trauma; crutches; compression of rest; fracture; edema; carrying backpack; and this _____ _____which is time for wearing tight jeans? | Moralgia parasthetica |
| What is the purpose of cerebral spinal fluid? (Hydraulic cushion) | Shock absorption |
| Where is the spinal cord located? (It is the vertebral foraMina of all of the vertebrae stacked) | Vertebral canal |
| What are the meninges? They are three protective ______ ______ coverings (surround brain and spinal cord) | Connective tissue |
| Spinal meninges connect with? | Cranial meninges |
| Which is the deepest meninges layer that supplies oxygen and nutrients to brain and spinal cord? | Pia mater |
| Which is the most superficial meninges layer (runs from occipital bone to S2)? | Dura mater |
| Where does spinal nerve c1 begin? In relation to the C-1 vertebrae | Superior |
| The meninges layer that is most delicate, avascular, loose collagen, elastic fibers? | Arachnoid mater |
| Part of the Pia mater, triangular membrane extensions, fuse with arachnoid mater, protect spinal cord, come outside? | Denticulate ligament |
| What is the term for the space that has cerebral spinal fluid, a vascular, and shock absorbing? | Sub arachnoid space |
| Inter-vertebral disc between L1 and L2 is ? | Conus medullaris |
| Anchors spinal cord to coccyx? (Runs from conus medullaris) | Filum terminale |
| Nerves that don't exit at the same level that the rest of the nerves exit the spinal cord? | cauda equina |
| How many pairs of the spinal nerves are there in the cervical spine? (_______ cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal | eight |
| What is the purpose of the spinal nerves between the spinal cord and the body? | Communication |
| Autonomic nervous system refers to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and ______ | Glands |
| The three layers of nervous tissue that protects the spinal cord include the boney Vertebral column; the space with cerebral spinal fluid ; and ______ | Meninges |
| Dura Mater is the superficial dense irregular connective tissue; Arachnoid metre is avascular, middle layer, some elastic fibres; and the last layer of the meniges is_____ ______ which is vascular innermost, then, transparent, lots of blood vessels | Pia mater |
| The three spaces involved with meninges include: epidural (fat and CT) ; sub dural (interstitial fluid) and______________(shock absorbing, avascular, cerebral spinal fluid) | Arachnoid |
| A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to cords? (Ant and post) | Two |
| Spinal meninges and cerebral spinal fluid and at what vertebrae? | s2 |
| What are the four branches of the spinal nerves? Posterior ramus; anterior Ramis; meningeal branch;______ ______ | Rami communicantes |
| Spinal cord is absent between? | L2-S2 |
| The Dura mater fuses with outermost layer of the nerve called? | Epineurium |
| The landmark for administering a spinal tap which passes through the fourth lumbar vertebrae is called? | Supracristal line |
| What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the spinal Dura Mater? _____ to S2 | Occipital |
| Bundles of Myelinated axons of neurons are termed? | White matter |
| Dendrites; cell bodies of neurons; unmyelinated axons and neuralgia are termed? | Gray matter |
| Extends from the medulla oblongata of the brain to the superior border of the second lumbar vertebrae? | Spinal cord |
| Lateral gray horns are found in which segments of the spinal cord? ______And upper lumbar segments | Thoracic |
| What portion of the spinal cord connects with the nerves of the upper limbs? (Brachial plexus) | Cervical enlargement |
| Axons that carry nerve impulses towards the brain (ascending)? | Sensory tracts |
| Axons that carry nerve impulses away from the brain (descending)? | Motor tracts |
| The cervical enlargement extends from C4- T1and is responsible for supplying the? | upper limb |
| The lumbar enlargement extends from T9-t 12 and is responsible for supplying the? | Lower limb |
| An extension of Pia mater that extends inferiorly, fuses with arachnoid mater, Dura Mater and anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx? | Filum terminale |
| Contains axons of sensory/feeling neurons, and cell bodies of interneurons. | Posterior gray horn |
| Contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons (regulate cardiac MM, smooth muscles and glands; PNS)? | Lateral gray horn |
| Contains cell bodies of somatic (skeletal) Motor neurons? | Anterior gray horn |
| What is the difference between a horn and a column? Horn is gray matter and call him is? | White matter |
| Two bundles of axons are called? | Root |
| White matter is more abundant in the cervical or sacral segments? | Cervical |
| Smaller bundles of axons are called? | Rootlets |
| Where are there more sensory and motor trucks in the upper or lower segments of spinal cord? | Upper |
| These contains sensory axons that conducts nerve impulses from sensory receptors in skin muscle and internal organs? | Posterior root |
| Cell bodies of a sensory neuron are termed? | Posterior root ganglion |
| Contain axons of motor neurons (conduct nerve impulses from CNS to effectors) muscles and glands? | Anterior root |
| Roots of the lower spinal nerves (wisps of hair)? | Cauda equina |
| Bundles of axons with common origin; information; destination? | Columns |
| gray mater is the most abundant in the cervical and lumbar segments b/c it is responsible for sensory and motor innervation of? | Limbs |
Created by:
amellstrom
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