Mycology, Cytology, Skin Disorders - VTT 234
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| Fungi are ___________, meaning they cannot produce their own food. | heterotrophs
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| Fungi can be __________ or ___________. | parasitic or saprophytic
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| ________ fungi derive nutrition at the expense of the host. | Parasitic
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| __________ fungi derive nutrition from decaying hosts. | Saprophytic
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| Fungi consist of webs of slender tubes called _________, that grow toward the food source. | hyphae
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| Fungi digest food ________. | externally
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| Fungi reproduce via a fruiting body structure, ________, that release spores. | hyphae
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| What are the equipment you need for fungi collection? | Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain (LPCB), potassium hydroxide (KOH), India ink, wood's lamp, clear tape, DTM
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| A superficial skin fungus is called what? | dermatophytosis
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| ________ is an example of dermatophytosis. | Ringworm
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| What are some signs of dermatophytosis? | hair loss, hyperkeratosis, inflammation
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| What are the common ringworms seen in both dogs and cats? | micosporum, trichophyton
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| Yeast is a _______ celled fungus. | single
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| ____________ is the most common yeast infection of superficial skin & moist areas like the ears. | Malassezia spp.
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| Regular fungus is called _______ __________ ______ when it can overcome defenses by changing form (morphology). | systemic dimorphic fungi
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| How do you diagnose dimorphic fungal infections? | radiographs of lungs, cytology, tissue biopsies, serology
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| Aspergillus is commonly found where? | dead leaves, stored grain, compost, anywhere with decay
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| _______ causes aspergillosis or an allergic response. | Aspergillus
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| A mass of ________ is a fungal mass in the lungs. | aspergilla
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| __________ looks like a dandelion. | Aspergillus
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| Candida albicans causes _______ in birds and horses. | "Thrush"
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| _______ ______ looks like a cactus. | Candida albicans
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| _____________ does not have hyphae/tubular structures. | Blastomyces
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| _________ looks like sunshines. | Histoplasma
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| Coccydiomycosis is also called ______ _______. | Valley Fever
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| What fungus spreads to bone, joints and CNS? | Coccidioides
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| _________ looks like a train. | Coccidioides
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| ___________ is common in soil, tree bark and plants. | Sporothrix
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| What is the cause of Rose Pickers disease? | spotpthrix
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| Sporothrix looks like ______ ______ flowers. | baby's breath
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| Evaluate fungal growth for ___ days after inoculating test media. | 21
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| Any _________ growth should be ignored. | pigmented
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| Dermatophytes grow _______ to _________ in color. | white to off-white
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| ________ is designed for identification of a fungus based on morphology and characteristics. | SDA
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| ___________ is the examination or study of cells. | Cytology
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| _______ is the study of tissues. | Histology
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| What are some collection methods for cytology? | swab, scrape, impression, FNA
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| What are some single stains? | methylene blue, iodine, India ink
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| What are series stains? | Diff. quick, Gram, Wright's
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| How would you note morphology of cells? | size, shape, color, density, uniformity, intracellular structures
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| How would you note amount of cells? | rare, mild, moderate, marked, TNTC
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| What is the term for varied cell size? | anisocytocis
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| ___________ is the term for varying size of nuclei. | Anisokaryosis
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| The terms _____ and ______ nucleated refer to numbers of nuclei in cells. | bi and multi
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| Blue speckles or dots on cells are referred to as _______ _______. | basophilic stippling
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| It is important to note the ________ to _______ ratio and numbers of nuclei per cell. | nucleus to cytoplasm
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| What are you looking for on an ear cytology? | bacteria, fungi, blood cells, epithelial tissues
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| The goal of a FNA is to remove _______, not fluid. | cells
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| What are the procedures for fluid analysis? | LTT & RTT, smears, specific gravity & protein, spin, sediment slide, evaluate macro & microscopic
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| Joint fluid indications help determine causes of _______ or _______ in the joint. | pain or swelling
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| What should be evaluated with a joint fluid assessment? | volume, color, turbidity, viscosity
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| Do not use ________ anticoagulant with joint fluid. | heparin
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| Why would you preform a vaginal cytology? | test for estrous cycle stage
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| __________ is the repair period of estrous, when females & males have no interest in each other. | Anestrous
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| _________ makes males interested, but not females. | Proestrous
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| _________ is when ovulation occurs. | Estrus
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| Nothing happens during ___________ of the estrous cycle. | Diestrus
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| Vaginal cytology should be taken from the _________ aspect. | dorsal
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| What cells are mostly seen during diestrus and anestrus? | parabasal
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| What cells are seen after parabasal cells? | intermediate
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| ________ cells are the largest cells seen in a vaginal smear during proestrus. | Superficial
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| What cells are nearly completely absent during anestrus? | Superficial
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| What two parts of the estrous cycle are very similar? | anestrus & diestrus
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| _______ ________ are the feline equivalent of freckles, common on orange & tortoise shell cats. | Letingo simplex
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| When the pigment changes based on how much melanin is produced, this is a ________. | macule
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| A solid elevation is a ________ when caused by inflammation. | papule
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| An area on the epidermis containing pus is called a ________. | pustule
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| A solid elevation greater than 1cm that reaches into the deeper layers of the skin is a ________. | nodule
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| A ________ is a mass involving skin and subQ tissue. | tumor
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| What is a term to describe partial or complete hair loss? | alopecia
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| Inflammation of one or more hair shafts is termed __________, which is usually an ingrown hair. | folliculitis
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| Increased epidermal and dermal melanin causes ___________, which leads to darkening. | hyperpigmentation
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| Partial or complete loss of the epidermis is called ________, which can be self inflicted. | erosion
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| Another name for "pus in the skin". | pyoderma
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| Focal loss of epidermis with dermal exposure is an _______, which is deeper than erosion. | ulcer
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| What clinical signs can food allergies do to the skin? | pruritis, hives, hot spots, dry flaky skin, alopecia
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| Flea allergy dermatitis is an allergy to flea _______, which causes itching and pustules. | saliva
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| Acute moist dermatitis is a _____ _____, caused by a bacteria disorder. | hot spot
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| _____ _____ dermatitis is caused by bacteria in a skin fold. | Skin fold
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| A virus called ______ embeds in epithelial tissues causing red lesions. | pox
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| A virus called ___________ causes nasal and pad hardening. | distemper
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| What kind of seborrhea causes oily, flaky, rancid smell and excess sebum? | S. Oleosa
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| What kind of seborrhea causes dryness like dandruff and a dull coat? | S. Sicca
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| ___________ is an immune mediated disease primarily in non-haired areas. | P. vulgaris
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| __________ is an immune mediated disease with which affected cells turn malignant. | P. vegetans
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| ________ is an immune mediated disease, in which the immune system attacks the dermal cells. | Lupus
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