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Mycology, Cytology
Mycology, Cytology, Skin Disorders - VTT 234
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fungi are ___________, meaning they cannot produce their own food. | heterotrophs |
| Fungi can be __________ or ___________. | parasitic or saprophytic |
| ________ fungi derive nutrition at the expense of the host. | Parasitic |
| __________ fungi derive nutrition from decaying hosts. | Saprophytic |
| Fungi consist of webs of slender tubes called _________, that grow toward the food source. | hyphae |
| Fungi digest food ________. | externally |
| Fungi reproduce via a fruiting body structure, ________, that release spores. | hyphae |
| What are the equipment you need for fungi collection? | Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain (LPCB), potassium hydroxide (KOH), India ink, wood's lamp, clear tape, DTM |
| A superficial skin fungus is called what? | dermatophytosis |
| ________ is an example of dermatophytosis. | Ringworm |
| What are some signs of dermatophytosis? | hair loss, hyperkeratosis, inflammation |
| What are the common ringworms seen in both dogs and cats? | micosporum, trichophyton |
| Yeast is a _______ celled fungus. | single |
| ____________ is the most common yeast infection of superficial skin & moist areas like the ears. | Malassezia spp. |
| Regular fungus is called _______ __________ ______ when it can overcome defenses by changing form (morphology). | systemic dimorphic fungi |
| How do you diagnose dimorphic fungal infections? | radiographs of lungs, cytology, tissue biopsies, serology |
| Aspergillus is commonly found where? | dead leaves, stored grain, compost, anywhere with decay |
| _______ causes aspergillosis or an allergic response. | Aspergillus |
| A mass of ________ is a fungal mass in the lungs. | aspergilla |
| __________ looks like a dandelion. | Aspergillus |
| Candida albicans causes _______ in birds and horses. | "Thrush" |
| _______ ______ looks like a cactus. | Candida albicans |
| _____________ does not have hyphae/tubular structures. | Blastomyces |
| _________ looks like sunshines. | Histoplasma |
| Coccydiomycosis is also called ______ _______. | Valley Fever |
| What fungus spreads to bone, joints and CNS? | Coccidioides |
| _________ looks like a train. | Coccidioides |
| ___________ is common in soil, tree bark and plants. | Sporothrix |
| What is the cause of Rose Pickers disease? | spotpthrix |
| Sporothrix looks like ______ ______ flowers. | baby's breath |
| Evaluate fungal growth for ___ days after inoculating test media. | 21 |
| Any _________ growth should be ignored. | pigmented |
| Dermatophytes grow _______ to _________ in color. | white to off-white |
| ________ is designed for identification of a fungus based on morphology and characteristics. | SDA |
| ___________ is the examination or study of cells. | Cytology |
| _______ is the study of tissues. | Histology |
| What are some collection methods for cytology? | swab, scrape, impression, FNA |
| What are some single stains? | methylene blue, iodine, India ink |
| What are series stains? | Diff. quick, Gram, Wright's |
| How would you note morphology of cells? | size, shape, color, density, uniformity, intracellular structures |
| How would you note amount of cells? | rare, mild, moderate, marked, TNTC |
| What is the term for varied cell size? | anisocytocis |
| ___________ is the term for varying size of nuclei. | Anisokaryosis |
| The terms _____ and ______ nucleated refer to numbers of nuclei in cells. | bi and multi |
| Blue speckles or dots on cells are referred to as _______ _______. | basophilic stippling |
| It is important to note the ________ to _______ ratio and numbers of nuclei per cell. | nucleus to cytoplasm |
| What are you looking for on an ear cytology? | bacteria, fungi, blood cells, epithelial tissues |
| The goal of a FNA is to remove _______, not fluid. | cells |
| What are the procedures for fluid analysis? | LTT & RTT, smears, specific gravity & protein, spin, sediment slide, evaluate macro & microscopic |
| Joint fluid indications help determine causes of _______ or _______ in the joint. | pain or swelling |
| What should be evaluated with a joint fluid assessment? | volume, color, turbidity, viscosity |
| Do not use ________ anticoagulant with joint fluid. | heparin |
| Why would you preform a vaginal cytology? | test for estrous cycle stage |
| __________ is the repair period of estrous, when females & males have no interest in each other. | Anestrous |
| _________ makes males interested, but not females. | Proestrous |
| _________ is when ovulation occurs. | Estrus |
| Nothing happens during ___________ of the estrous cycle. | Diestrus |
| Vaginal cytology should be taken from the _________ aspect. | dorsal |
| What cells are mostly seen during diestrus and anestrus? | parabasal |
| What cells are seen after parabasal cells? | intermediate |
| ________ cells are the largest cells seen in a vaginal smear during proestrus. | Superficial |
| What cells are nearly completely absent during anestrus? | Superficial |
| What two parts of the estrous cycle are very similar? | anestrus & diestrus |
| _______ ________ are the feline equivalent of freckles, common on orange & tortoise shell cats. | Letingo simplex |
| When the pigment changes based on how much melanin is produced, this is a ________. | macule |
| A solid elevation is a ________ when caused by inflammation. | papule |
| An area on the epidermis containing pus is called a ________. | pustule |
| A solid elevation greater than 1cm that reaches into the deeper layers of the skin is a ________. | nodule |
| A ________ is a mass involving skin and subQ tissue. | tumor |
| What is a term to describe partial or complete hair loss? | alopecia |
| Inflammation of one or more hair shafts is termed __________, which is usually an ingrown hair. | folliculitis |
| Increased epidermal and dermal melanin causes ___________, which leads to darkening. | hyperpigmentation |
| Partial or complete loss of the epidermis is called ________, which can be self inflicted. | erosion |
| Another name for "pus in the skin". | pyoderma |
| Focal loss of epidermis with dermal exposure is an _______, which is deeper than erosion. | ulcer |
| What clinical signs can food allergies do to the skin? | pruritis, hives, hot spots, dry flaky skin, alopecia |
| Flea allergy dermatitis is an allergy to flea _______, which causes itching and pustules. | saliva |
| Acute moist dermatitis is a _____ _____, caused by a bacteria disorder. | hot spot |
| _____ _____ dermatitis is caused by bacteria in a skin fold. | Skin fold |
| A virus called ______ embeds in epithelial tissues causing red lesions. | pox |
| A virus called ___________ causes nasal and pad hardening. | distemper |
| What kind of seborrhea causes oily, flaky, rancid smell and excess sebum? | S. Oleosa |
| What kind of seborrhea causes dryness like dandruff and a dull coat? | S. Sicca |
| ___________ is an immune mediated disease primarily in non-haired areas. | P. vulgaris |
| __________ is an immune mediated disease with which affected cells turn malignant. | P. vegetans |
| ________ is an immune mediated disease, in which the immune system attacks the dermal cells. | Lupus |
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