Small Animal Nursing Final - VTT 226
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| Level of supervision: Induction of anesthesia | Direct
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| Level of supervision: Cystocentesis | Indirect
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| Level of supervision: Administration of morphine to a painful animal | Indirect
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| Level of supervision: Extraction of an extremely loose incisor that does not require elevation | Immediate
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| Level of supervision: Endotracheal intubation | Direct
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| Level of supervision: Blood draw from the jugular | Indirect
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| Level of supervision: Apply a cast | Direct
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| Level of supervision: Feline neuter | Not allowed at any level
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| Level of supervision: Urinary catheterization for sample collection | Indirect
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| Level of supervision: Fill a prescription | Indirect
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| Hearing other sounds, like peristalsis of the stomach, outside of the thoracic cavity is termed: | Referred sounds
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| How many lung fields are there to ascultate? | 8
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| What 7 things are included in a signalment? | Identification, species, breed, age, gender, reproductive status, color/markings
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| How are ventilation and oxygenation different? | Ventilation is the movement of air. Oxygenation is how the gases exchange in the body.
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| What is the term for drugs administered via the GI tract? | Enternal
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| What is the term for drugs given by injection? | Parenteral
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| What is metabolism? | It is the biochemical process of the building up and breaking down of a substance by the body.
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| T or F: A patient with heart disease would normally be placed on a high rate of IV fluids. | False
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| Fluid inside a cell is termed: | Intracellular
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| Fluid located outside the cell but inside the vascular space is termed: | Extracellular
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| Fluid located outside the cell extravascularlly is termed: | Interstitial
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| How often should peripheral catheters be changed? | Every 72 hours
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| Venipuncture should be done as _______ as possible. | Distally
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| The lateral saphenous is a common blood draw location for ______. | Dogs
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| IA injections are given into a ______. | Joint
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| What is the term for drugs given into the gastrointestinal tract? | Enternal
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| What is the term for the movement of a drug from the injection site into the blood stream? | Absorption
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| The amount of solute dissolved into a solvent is called ________. | Concentration
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| What tube is used for holding urine because it is sterile and empty? | Red Top Tube (RTT)
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| _______ top tubes are used for coagulation tests. | Blue (BTT)
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| ________ top tubes are used for CBC and blood smears. | Lavender (LTT)
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| What is a common injection given which has no absorption time? | I.V.
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| Why would you remove the needle from the syringe and tube tops before putting blood into a tube? | To prevent RBC destruction.
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| We give injections into __________, not arteries, so the injection will be delivered to the liver for metabolism. | Veins
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| What does PROM stand for? | Passive range of motion
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| The heart rate is best heard between the ____ and ____ intercostal spaces. | 2nd and 5th
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| An inanimate object that transmits disease is called what? | Fomite
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| A _________ infection is caught in a clinic or hospital. | Nosocomial
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| What are some acceptable ways to euthanize? | Injection, decapitation, electrocution, bullet, CO2 chamber, inhalant Ax overdose, cervical dislocation, exsanguination
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| When the heart rate and pulse don't match, the animal has a ________ deficit. | Pulse
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| _______ fluids contain large particles. | Colloid
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| Crystalloids are used to _______. | Rehydrate
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| Measure an orogastric tube from the _______ to ________ in dogs. | Nares to last rib
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| Measure an orogastric tube from the ______ to ________ in felines. | Nares to 10-11th rib
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| What drug stimulates appetite? | Diazepam
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| ___________ tubes are rarely used because of the accompanying complications. | Pharyngostomy
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| What does CERF stand for? | Canine Eye Registration Foundation
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| What is the most common catheter? | Over-the-needle
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| D5W means? | 5% dextrose in water
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| List all of the supplies that you will need to place a peripheral IVC: | Clippers, cleansing solution, rinse solution, IVC, tape, flush, +/- T-port, cap or fluid line
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| Prep between ribs __ and __ for a thoracocentesis. | 7 and 9
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| What part of the eye will a fluorescein stain detect abnormalities of? | Cornea
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| What 3 bones are used for marrow sampling? | Pelvis, proximal femur, proximal humerus
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| _____ intention involves suturing a wound immediately. | First
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| _________ wound closure involved suturing 3 to 5 days after the wound before granulation tissue. | Delayed primary
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| _______ intention allows granulation tissue to close a wound. | Second
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| ______ intention involves suturing after formation of granulation tissue. | Third
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| What type of sling immobilizes the hip? | Ehmer sling
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| Let blood _____ in the SST before spinning in a centrifuge, so you don't get plasma. | Clot
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| Serum doesn't contain __________ and platelets, like plasma does. | Clotting factors
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| What does a PEG tube mean? | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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| J tubes are distal to the _________. | Duodenum
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| __________ starts isotonic then becomes hypotonic. | Dextrose
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| Don't give _______ (crystalloid) subcutaneously. | Dextrose
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| How do you determine viscosity of fluid? | Stretch drop between fingers
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| When a dog is aggressive, go for the ________ vein. | Saphenous
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| What is the easiest vein to get a large amount of blood? | Jugular
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| What does alcohol do to veins when applied? | Tightens (constricts)
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| The ________ bandage layer provides compression. | Tertiary
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| The ________ bandage layer prevents movement and provides padding. | Secondary
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| What are some examples of crystalloid fluids? | LRS, 0.9% sodium chloride, plasmalyte
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| What are some examples of colloid fluids? | Plasma, whole blood, hetastarch, oxyglobin
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| What does BSE stand for? | Breeding Soundness Exam
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| What happens to the heart rate as dehydration becomes worse? Why? | The heart rate raises because the blood pressure is much lower
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| What are the clinical signs that an animal is 8-10% dehydrated? | Moderate to marked decrease in skin turgor, moderate tachycardia, decreased pulse strength
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| What are colloids most commonly used for? | Increasing blood pressure, volume expansion
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| What is the most common drug used for injectable euthanasia? | Sodium pentobarbital
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| What does NAVTA stand for? | National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America
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| What does AVMA stand for? | American Veterinary Medical Association
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| List 4 indicators of pain in an animal. | Lashing out, change of eating and drinking, hiding from people, change in sleeping habits
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| How much "continuing education" is needed? | At least 30 hours, every 3 years
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| What is malpractice? | Conduct which falls below the standard of care which causes injury to the animal
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| What is negligence? | A failure to exercise the standard of care. Knowingly does not provide a standard of care
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| What is incompetence? | Lack of knowledge or skill.
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| What types of restraint are there? | Non-contact, physical, object, chemical
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| How many mcL in an mL? | 1,000
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| The pulse is best felt on the ________ artery in dogs and cats. | Femoral
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| Signs of 5-6% dehydration. | Slight decrease in skin turgor, MM’s tacky, eyes slightly sunken, no pathologic tachycardia.
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| Signs of 6-9% dehydration. | Moderate decrease in skin turgor, MM’s tacky to dry, slight tachycardia, normal pulses, CRT prolonged, eyes sunken.
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| Signs of 10-12% dehydration. | Skin remains tented or absence of turgor, dry MM, prolonged CRT, eyes very sunken, tachycardia, weak rapid pulses, moderate mental depression.
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| Normal temperature for dogs and cats. | 100-102° Fahrenheit
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| Canine HR? | 60-160 bpm
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| Feline HR? | 120-180 bpm
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| How many grades of heart murmurs are there? | 6
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| A pneumothorax refers to an accumulation of ____ in the thorax. | Air
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| Canine RR? | 8-20
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| Feline RR? | 8-30
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| What does R.E.R stand for? What does it mean? | Resting energy requirement. The number of Kcals the body needs to maintain basic functions of life.
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| What does D5W mean? | 5% dextrose in water
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| What is coagulopathy? | A decrease in clotting function.
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| What is phlebitis? | Inflammation/irritation of the veins.
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| What are some complications that can come from placement of an esophagostomy tube? | Invasive, can cause vomiting.
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| What do stirrups do? | Helps keep a bandage from falling off.
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| What 4 things would you tell an owner to watch for, when sending home a pet with a bandage? | Swelling, foul odors, movement of the bandage, cleanliness
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| Should an abdominocentesis be prepped like a sterile surgery? | Yes
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| What does FNA stand for? | Fine needle aspirate
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| What is the best thing for orphaned neonates to eat? | Commercially prepared milk
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| What is the average gestation for cats and dogs? | 63 days
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| What supplies are needed for neonatal resuscitation for a c-section? | Clean/dry towel, warm/dry place, bulb syringe, oxygen, suture, scissors, drugs, needles for acupuncture
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| Animals 20lbs and over get a ____ drip set. Animals under 20lbs get a ____ drip set. | Macro (15gtt/mL) Micro (60gtt/mL)
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| What is the primary pathogen of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis ("Kennel Cough")? | Bordetella bronchiseptica
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| What is a dosage? | The amount of drug a patient needs determined by manufacturers recommendations based on their weight.
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| What is a dose? | The amount of drug a patient gets, the product of the dosage calculation.
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| What is a solute? | A dissolved substance, the powdered form of a drug.
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| What is a solvent? | The dissolving substance, like sterile water.
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| What is a solution? | A solute combined with a solvent, may be expressed as a %.
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| What is a concentration? | The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, usually expressed as mgs/ml (weight per volume, w/v).
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| Signs of fluid overload? | Tachypnea, fluid from the nasal cavity, foam in ET tube, moisture in the lungs
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| Types of IVC? | Over the needle, through the needle, butterfly, multi lumen
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| What is tonicity? | The solute concentration (osmolarity) of a solution and its effect on cellular fluid.
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| How does movement of water occur? | From a hypotonic area to a hypertonic area.
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| What is the maintenance fluid rate for animals? | 40-60mLs/kg/day
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| Math formula for diluting drugs into fluids. | Small% x mLs ÷ Big%
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| What is gavage? | Introduction of material into the stomach.
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| Types of feeding tubes? | Argyle, guide wire, silicon, red rubber
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| Orogastric Tube placement steps. | Pre-measure & mark the appropriate tube. Lubricate. Insert mouth speculum. Pass the tube to the pre-marked point. Use an empty syringe to aspirate. Administer food or medications. Flush. Pinch tube before removing to help prevent aspiration.
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| What is an idiopathic seizure? | A primary seizure. No cause is evident and is presumed to be genetic.
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| What is a cryptogenic seizure? | A secondary seizure. A result of a brain abnormality (brain tumor or trauma).
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| What is a reactive seizure? | Results from an extracranial metabolic abnormality like hypoglycemia.
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| What happens during a generalized seizure? | Entire body stiffens up and then twitching.
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| What happens during a partial or focal seizure? | Dazed, glassy look, stare at the wall, no response to stimuli. Facial twitching or head pressing.
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| What is an ictal? | A seizure.
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| What is CHF? | Congestive Heart Failure
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| What is CRI? | Chronic Renal Insufficiency
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