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Nursing Final
Small Animal Nursing Final - VTT 226
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Level of supervision: Induction of anesthesia | Direct |
| Level of supervision: Cystocentesis | Indirect |
| Level of supervision: Administration of morphine to a painful animal | Indirect |
| Level of supervision: Extraction of an extremely loose incisor that does not require elevation | Immediate |
| Level of supervision: Endotracheal intubation | Direct |
| Level of supervision: Blood draw from the jugular | Indirect |
| Level of supervision: Apply a cast | Direct |
| Level of supervision: Feline neuter | Not allowed at any level |
| Level of supervision: Urinary catheterization for sample collection | Indirect |
| Level of supervision: Fill a prescription | Indirect |
| Hearing other sounds, like peristalsis of the stomach, outside of the thoracic cavity is termed: | Referred sounds |
| How many lung fields are there to ascultate? | 8 |
| What 7 things are included in a signalment? | Identification, species, breed, age, gender, reproductive status, color/markings |
| How are ventilation and oxygenation different? | Ventilation is the movement of air. Oxygenation is how the gases exchange in the body. |
| What is the term for drugs administered via the GI tract? | Enternal |
| What is the term for drugs given by injection? | Parenteral |
| What is metabolism? | It is the biochemical process of the building up and breaking down of a substance by the body. |
| T or F: A patient with heart disease would normally be placed on a high rate of IV fluids. | False |
| Fluid inside a cell is termed: | Intracellular |
| Fluid located outside the cell but inside the vascular space is termed: | Extracellular |
| Fluid located outside the cell extravascularlly is termed: | Interstitial |
| How often should peripheral catheters be changed? | Every 72 hours |
| Venipuncture should be done as _______ as possible. | Distally |
| The lateral saphenous is a common blood draw location for ______. | Dogs |
| IA injections are given into a ______. | Joint |
| What is the term for drugs given into the gastrointestinal tract? | Enternal |
| What is the term for the movement of a drug from the injection site into the blood stream? | Absorption |
| The amount of solute dissolved into a solvent is called ________. | Concentration |
| What tube is used for holding urine because it is sterile and empty? | Red Top Tube (RTT) |
| _______ top tubes are used for coagulation tests. | Blue (BTT) |
| ________ top tubes are used for CBC and blood smears. | Lavender (LTT) |
| What is a common injection given which has no absorption time? | I.V. |
| Why would you remove the needle from the syringe and tube tops before putting blood into a tube? | To prevent RBC destruction. |
| We give injections into __________, not arteries, so the injection will be delivered to the liver for metabolism. | Veins |
| What does PROM stand for? | Passive range of motion |
| The heart rate is best heard between the ____ and ____ intercostal spaces. | 2nd and 5th |
| An inanimate object that transmits disease is called what? | Fomite |
| A _________ infection is caught in a clinic or hospital. | Nosocomial |
| What are some acceptable ways to euthanize? | Injection, decapitation, electrocution, bullet, CO2 chamber, inhalant Ax overdose, cervical dislocation, exsanguination |
| When the heart rate and pulse don't match, the animal has a ________ deficit. | Pulse |
| _______ fluids contain large particles. | Colloid |
| Crystalloids are used to _______. | Rehydrate |
| Measure an orogastric tube from the _______ to ________ in dogs. | Nares to last rib |
| Measure an orogastric tube from the ______ to ________ in felines. | Nares to 10-11th rib |
| What drug stimulates appetite? | Diazepam |
| ___________ tubes are rarely used because of the accompanying complications. | Pharyngostomy |
| What does CERF stand for? | Canine Eye Registration Foundation |
| What is the most common catheter? | Over-the-needle |
| D5W means? | 5% dextrose in water |
| List all of the supplies that you will need to place a peripheral IVC: | Clippers, cleansing solution, rinse solution, IVC, tape, flush, +/- T-port, cap or fluid line |
| Prep between ribs __ and __ for a thoracocentesis. | 7 and 9 |
| What part of the eye will a fluorescein stain detect abnormalities of? | Cornea |
| What 3 bones are used for marrow sampling? | Pelvis, proximal femur, proximal humerus |
| _____ intention involves suturing a wound immediately. | First |
| _________ wound closure involved suturing 3 to 5 days after the wound before granulation tissue. | Delayed primary |
| _______ intention allows granulation tissue to close a wound. | Second |
| ______ intention involves suturing after formation of granulation tissue. | Third |
| What type of sling immobilizes the hip? | Ehmer sling |
| Let blood _____ in the SST before spinning in a centrifuge, so you don't get plasma. | Clot |
| Serum doesn't contain __________ and platelets, like plasma does. | Clotting factors |
| What does a PEG tube mean? | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| J tubes are distal to the _________. | Duodenum |
| __________ starts isotonic then becomes hypotonic. | Dextrose |
| Don't give _______ (crystalloid) subcutaneously. | Dextrose |
| How do you determine viscosity of fluid? | Stretch drop between fingers |
| When a dog is aggressive, go for the ________ vein. | Saphenous |
| What is the easiest vein to get a large amount of blood? | Jugular |
| What does alcohol do to veins when applied? | Tightens (constricts) |
| The ________ bandage layer provides compression. | Tertiary |
| The ________ bandage layer prevents movement and provides padding. | Secondary |
| What are some examples of crystalloid fluids? | LRS, 0.9% sodium chloride, plasmalyte |
| What are some examples of colloid fluids? | Plasma, whole blood, hetastarch, oxyglobin |
| What does BSE stand for? | Breeding Soundness Exam |
| What happens to the heart rate as dehydration becomes worse? Why? | The heart rate raises because the blood pressure is much lower |
| What are the clinical signs that an animal is 8-10% dehydrated? | Moderate to marked decrease in skin turgor, moderate tachycardia, decreased pulse strength |
| What are colloids most commonly used for? | Increasing blood pressure, volume expansion |
| What is the most common drug used for injectable euthanasia? | Sodium pentobarbital |
| What does NAVTA stand for? | National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America |
| What does AVMA stand for? | American Veterinary Medical Association |
| List 4 indicators of pain in an animal. | Lashing out, change of eating and drinking, hiding from people, change in sleeping habits |
| How much "continuing education" is needed? | At least 30 hours, every 3 years |
| What is malpractice? | Conduct which falls below the standard of care which causes injury to the animal |
| What is negligence? | A failure to exercise the standard of care. Knowingly does not provide a standard of care |
| What is incompetence? | Lack of knowledge or skill. |
| What types of restraint are there? | Non-contact, physical, object, chemical |
| How many mcL in an mL? | 1,000 |
| The pulse is best felt on the ________ artery in dogs and cats. | Femoral |
| Signs of 5-6% dehydration. | Slight decrease in skin turgor, MM’s tacky, eyes slightly sunken, no pathologic tachycardia. |
| Signs of 6-9% dehydration. | Moderate decrease in skin turgor, MM’s tacky to dry, slight tachycardia, normal pulses, CRT prolonged, eyes sunken. |
| Signs of 10-12% dehydration. | Skin remains tented or absence of turgor, dry MM, prolonged CRT, eyes very sunken, tachycardia, weak rapid pulses, moderate mental depression. |
| Normal temperature for dogs and cats. | 100-102° Fahrenheit |
| Canine HR? | 60-160 bpm |
| Feline HR? | 120-180 bpm |
| How many grades of heart murmurs are there? | 6 |
| A pneumothorax refers to an accumulation of ____ in the thorax. | Air |
| Canine RR? | 8-20 |
| Feline RR? | 8-30 |
| What does R.E.R stand for? What does it mean? | Resting energy requirement. The number of Kcals the body needs to maintain basic functions of life. |
| What does D5W mean? | 5% dextrose in water |
| What is coagulopathy? | A decrease in clotting function. |
| What is phlebitis? | Inflammation/irritation of the veins. |
| What are some complications that can come from placement of an esophagostomy tube? | Invasive, can cause vomiting. |
| What do stirrups do? | Helps keep a bandage from falling off. |
| What 4 things would you tell an owner to watch for, when sending home a pet with a bandage? | Swelling, foul odors, movement of the bandage, cleanliness |
| Should an abdominocentesis be prepped like a sterile surgery? | Yes |
| What does FNA stand for? | Fine needle aspirate |
| What is the best thing for orphaned neonates to eat? | Commercially prepared milk |
| What is the average gestation for cats and dogs? | 63 days |
| What supplies are needed for neonatal resuscitation for a c-section? | Clean/dry towel, warm/dry place, bulb syringe, oxygen, suture, scissors, drugs, needles for acupuncture |
| Animals 20lbs and over get a ____ drip set. Animals under 20lbs get a ____ drip set. | Macro (15gtt/mL) Micro (60gtt/mL) |
| What is the primary pathogen of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis ("Kennel Cough")? | Bordetella bronchiseptica |
| What is a dosage? | The amount of drug a patient needs determined by manufacturers recommendations based on their weight. |
| What is a dose? | The amount of drug a patient gets, the product of the dosage calculation. |
| What is a solute? | A dissolved substance, the powdered form of a drug. |
| What is a solvent? | The dissolving substance, like sterile water. |
| What is a solution? | A solute combined with a solvent, may be expressed as a %. |
| What is a concentration? | The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, usually expressed as mgs/ml (weight per volume, w/v). |
| Signs of fluid overload? | Tachypnea, fluid from the nasal cavity, foam in ET tube, moisture in the lungs |
| Types of IVC? | Over the needle, through the needle, butterfly, multi lumen |
| What is tonicity? | The solute concentration (osmolarity) of a solution and its effect on cellular fluid. |
| How does movement of water occur? | From a hypotonic area to a hypertonic area. |
| What is the maintenance fluid rate for animals? | 40-60mLs/kg/day |
| Math formula for diluting drugs into fluids. | Small% x mLs ÷ Big% |
| What is gavage? | Introduction of material into the stomach. |
| Types of feeding tubes? | Argyle, guide wire, silicon, red rubber |
| Orogastric Tube placement steps. | Pre-measure & mark the appropriate tube. Lubricate. Insert mouth speculum. Pass the tube to the pre-marked point. Use an empty syringe to aspirate. Administer food or medications. Flush. Pinch tube before removing to help prevent aspiration. |
| What is an idiopathic seizure? | A primary seizure. No cause is evident and is presumed to be genetic. |
| What is a cryptogenic seizure? | A secondary seizure. A result of a brain abnormality (brain tumor or trauma). |
| What is a reactive seizure? | Results from an extracranial metabolic abnormality like hypoglycemia. |
| What happens during a generalized seizure? | Entire body stiffens up and then twitching. |
| What happens during a partial or focal seizure? | Dazed, glassy look, stare at the wall, no response to stimuli. Facial twitching or head pressing. |
| What is an ictal? | A seizure. |
| What is CHF? | Congestive Heart Failure |
| What is CRI? | Chronic Renal Insufficiency |
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