World History Chapter 8 Study Guide on Greek Civilization
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| religious | Through mythology, the Greek people expressed their__________ beliefs.
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| Homer | This Greek poet wrote several epic poems about heroic deeds, including the Iliad.
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| comedy and tragedy | What are the two types of drama that the Greeks performed at religious festivals?
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| Sophocles | The three best-known dramatists who wrote Greek tragedies were Aeschylus, Euripides, and
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| Ionic | The three types of columns the Greeks used in their buildings were Doric, Corinthian, and
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| epic | a long poem about heroic deeds
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| fable | a short tale that teaches a lesson
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| oracle | a priest or priestess who could tell the future
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| myth | a traditional story about gods and goddesses
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| oral tradition | the custom of passing along stories by speech
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| Pythagoras | This philosopher taught that the universe was governed by the same laws as music and numbers.
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| philosophy | This word means "love of wisdom"
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| Aristotle | After he compared 158 governments to find the best one, who wrote the book Politics?
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| Herodotus | Who is considered to be the “father of history”?
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| Plato | student of Socrates who wrote the Republic
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| philosophers | thinkers who created new bodies of knowledge through teaching subjects such as history, political science, biology, and logic
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| Thucydides | considered to be the greatest historian of the ancient world
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| Sophist | a traveling professional teacher
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| Socratic Method | a way of teaching by asking questions that is still used today
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| Demosthenes | Which public speaker said that the Macedonian king Philip II was considered a threat to Greek freedom?
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| Granicus | Alexander and his army of 40,000 Greek and Macedonian soldiers, including cavalry units, defeated an army of Persians in modern-day northwestern Turkey in the Battle of
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| Darius III | Alexander’s main enemy, the king of the Persians, was
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| fought | After his death, Alexander’s empire fell apart because his generals did this.
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| Greek | In Hellenistic kingdoms, government business was conducted in which language?
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| Hellenistic Era | a time when Greek ideas spread to non-Greek people
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| Alexander the Great | became king of Macedonia at age 20
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| Phillip II | Macedonian admirer of Greek ideas who planned to conquer Persia
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| Alexandria | founded by Alexander in Egypt
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| legacy | what a person leaves behind when he or she dies
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| library | Alexandria was the Greek capital of Egypt, and was most famous among scholars for its
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| Alexandria | Hellenistic kings wanted which city to serve as a cultural model for all other cities?
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| Hippocrates | Who is known as “the father of medicine”?
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| Aristarchus | The Greek scientist who concluded that the sun is the center of the solar system, and that the Earth revolves around the Sun, was
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| pi | Archimedes, a scientist, mathematician, and inventor, is best known in the field of mathematics for this
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| Eratosthenes | the astronomer who concluded that Earth is round
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| Stoicism | Happiness comes from doing your duty and following reason, not emotion.
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| plane geometry | a type of mathematics that relates points, lines, surfaces, and angles to one another
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| solid geometry | a type of mathematics that deals with spheres and cylinders
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| Epicureanism | Happiness through moderate pleasure and freedom from fear and pain is the goal of life.
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