Dairy cattle
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| Mature male | Bull
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| Mature female | Cow
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| Young male | Bull calf
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| Young female | Heifer
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| Young of either sex | Calf
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| Latin name | Bovine
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| Parturition | Calving/freshening
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| Gestation length | 9 months
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| Average birth weight | 80 to 100 lbs
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| Weaning age | 2 months
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| Age at first calving | 2 years
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| Dehorning | The process of removing the horns
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| When dehorning is performed | Before weaning
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| The goal of dairy cattle | To have one calf every 12 months
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| Top 5 dairy producing states | California, Wisconsin, Idaho, New York, Pennsylvania
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| The number of dairy cows in the US | 9 million
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| The number of dairy farms in Connecticut | 160
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| Name some dairy products! | Cheese, yogurt, ice cream, gelato, milk, cream cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream, butter
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| This black and white breed breed comes from the Netherlands | Holstein
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| This breed is the most popular breed, making up 90% of the nation's herd | Holstein
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| This red and white breed comes from Scotland | Ayrshire
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| This breed comes in various shades of brown or gray and has huge, dopey looking ears | Brown Swiss
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| This breed comes from Switzerland | Brown Swiss
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| This breed has fawn or orange and white markings | Guernsey
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| This breed has golden milk because of beta carotene | Guernsey
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| This breed comes from Britain's Guernsey Isles | Guernsey
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| This breed ranges from light fawn to dark brown in color | Jersey
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| This breed is the second most popular breed | Jersey
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| This breed has the highest butterfat content | Jersey
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| This breed comes from Britain's Isle of Jersey (not the Jersey Shore!!) | Jersey
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| This breed comes in red, white, or roan | Milking Shorthorn
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| This breed is a dual purpose breed that comes from England | Milking Shorthorn
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| Two types of dairy housing | Tie stall & free stall
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| Where cows are tied to individual stalls | Tie stall barn
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| Cows are fed & milked in their individual stalls | Tie stall barn
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| Cows are let out to exercise each day | Tie stall barn
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| Housing where cows get more individual attention | Tie stall barn
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| Usually a more labor intensive housing system | Tie stall barn
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| Commonly used housing for herds that are 100 animals or fewer | Tie stall barn
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| Housing where cows can roam freely | Free stall barn
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| Cows are free to choose their own stall | Free stall barn
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| Cows are milked in a milking parlor | Free stall barn
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| Cows share a common feed bunk | Free stall barn
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| Housing where cows get less individualized attention | Free stall barn
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| Housing that is generally less labor intensive | Free stall barn
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| Housing system that generally is used for herds that are 100 animals or larger | Free stall barn
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| Lactation | Period of time when the cow is producing milk (usually 305 days)
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| Dry period | 60 day resting period where the cow is't milked before calving
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| Fresh cow | Cow that has recently calved
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| Colostrom | Mom's first milk containing lots of antibiotics
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| Calf hutches | Individual calf housing where calves are separated to prevent disease
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| Haylage | Chopped up hay that is fermented & stored in a silo
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| Corn silage | Chopped up corn plant that is fermented & stored in a silo
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| Concentrates | Grain fed to cattle
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| TMR | Total Mixed Rations. A balanced ration to maximize profit
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| Roughages | Plant material that is high in fiber, such as hay, haylage, and corn silage
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| Artificial Insemination (AI) | Modern method of breeding cows using frozen semen instead of a live bull
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| Benefits of using AI | Genetic improvement, safer, cleaner, more accurate record keeping
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| Purebred | Registered cows that have proof of ancestry & are worth more when sold
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| Commercial | One or both parents are unregistered
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| Pedigree | Record of ancestry
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| Registration papers | Proof animal is a purebred
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| Sire | Father
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| Dam | Mother
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| Cull | Removal from the herd
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| Veal | Young bull calves raised for a few months for slaughter
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| Pasteurization | Heating up the milk to high temperatures to kill bacteria
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| Homogonization | Forcing milk through tiny screens to make the fat more uniform
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Created by:
smarcus
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