Duke PA Potassium Homeostasis and Mineral Metabolism
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| normal potassium levels | 3.4-5.5
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| normal potassium intake __ mEq/day | 100
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| how much potassium is in a medium bannana __ mEq | 8
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| how much potassium is in the extracellular compartment __ mEq | 65
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| how much potassium is in the intracellular space __ mEq | 3000-4000
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| serum potassium of about 7-9 will lead to | peaked t waves
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| serum potassium of >= 10 will lead to | ventricular fibrillation
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| If the extracellular concentration of K+ increases from 4 meq/L to 6.5 meq/L, the membrane potential is reduced by roughly ___ | half
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| ___ doesn't change the level of K+ in the body but it does modify myocardial excitability | calcium chloride
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| ___ in the situation of hyperkalemia has an onset of 1-3 minutes and a duration of 30-60 minutes | calcium chloride
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| ___ in the situation of hyperkalemia, has an onset of 5-10 minutes and a duration of 2 hours | glucose and insulin
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| ___ increases intracellular uptake of potassium | glucose and insulin
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| ___ in the situation of hyperkalemia, has an onset of 30-40 minutes and a duration of 2-6 hours | albuterol, 1-2 neb treatments
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| ___ increases intracellular uptake of potassium | albuterol, 1-2 neb treatments
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| exchanges potassium for sodium | Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
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| ___ in the situation of hyperkalemia, has an onset of 30-40 minutes and a duration of 6 hours | Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
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| actually removes potassium | Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
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| ultimate treatment for hyperkalemia | hemodialysis
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| major renal cause of hypokalemia | diuretics
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| major GI cause of hypokalemia | vomiting, diarrhea, tube drainage, laxative abuse
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| EKG changes with hypokalemia | subtle ST depression and U waves
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| Which is more dangerous in terms of cardiac arrhythmias: Hypokalemia or hyperkalemia | hyperkalemia
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| one of the most common causes of hypercalcemia | malignancy
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| int the setting of hypercalcemia in the primary care office the two most important things to do are | get a PTH level, and do a targeted malignancy screening
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| causes for hyperphosphatemia | ingestion, rhabdomyolysis, tumor-lysis syndrom, renal failure, hypoparathyroidism, acromegaly
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| treatment for hyperphosphatemia | bisphosphonates (alendronate, pamidronate), hemodialysis
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| hypophosphatemia=total PO4 <__ mg/dL | 2.3
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