Biology (A,B,C)
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| Phrenology | show 🗑
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| show | "Everything psychological is simultaneously biological"
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| show | A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the dendrites, to the cell body, to the axon of a single neuron
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| Dendrites | show 🗑
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| show | Is the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles or glands. It is the longest part of the cell body. The speed with which a neural impulse travels is increased with it is encased by a myelin sheath.
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| Multiple Sclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron. It is produced by depolarization of the neural membrane. This travels in one direction toward the axon terminal.
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| show | The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron.
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| show | The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
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| show | Is characteristic of the initiation of neural impulses; increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential
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| Selective Permeability | show 🗑
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| Refractory Period | show 🗑
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| show | The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons. Are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the axon
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| Synapse | show 🗑
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| Reuptake | show 🗑
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| aCH (Acetylcholine) Functions | show 🗑
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| show | Voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion
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| show | Sleep, wakefulness, appetite, mood, aggression, impulsivity, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain supression
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| Endorphins Functions | show 🗑
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| show | Learning, memory, dreaming, awakening, emotion, stress-related increase in heart rate, stress-related slowing of digestive processes
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| GABA | show 🗑
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| show | Main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
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| Serotonin | show 🗑
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| show | ______, used to treat depression, prevents reuptake of ________
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| Opiate, Endorphins | show 🗑
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| show | __________ disease is linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce ___
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| show | ____________ is linked with excess receptor activity for ________
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| GABA, Seizures | show 🗑
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| show | Transferring messages from a __________ to a leg muscle requires ___
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| show | Feeling little fatigue, discomfort, or pain after playing sports is caused by ________
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| ACh, muscular paralysis | show 🗑
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| show | ______ ________ are linked with an oversupply of _______
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| Parkinson's disease, dopamine | show 🗑
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| Substance P, endorphins | show 🗑
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| show | Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimic the neurotransmitters effects. Opiates drugs have molecular structures similar to endorphins and mimic their effects
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| Antagonists | show 🗑
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| Psychoactive Drugs | show 🗑
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| show | The body's speedy electrochemical information system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system
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| show | Neural cables containing many axons
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| Central Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
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| show | The part of the peripheral nervous central system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
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| show | The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
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| Sensory Neuron | show 🗑
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| Motor Neuron | show 🗑
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| show | A neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of of a reflex arc. They are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord.
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| show | An accelerated heartbeat is caused by the sympathetic nervous system while a slowed heartbeat is caused by the parasympathetic nervous system. Parasymp (Digestive Activity and Contracts Bladder) vs Symp (Inhibits and Relax)
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| show | A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus. Sensing pain and the withdrawal reflex is activated by inter neurons in the spinal cord. Reflexes enable us to respond to stimuli before they have a chance to do us harm
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| show | Interconnecting clusters of neurons in the central nervous system. The strengthening of synaptic connection facilitates the formation of neural networks. People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as colour, shape, size
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| show | Chemical messengers of the endocrine system. They influence growth, reproduction, metabolism, and mood. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
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| Pituitary Gland | show 🗑
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| show | Are released by the adernal glands during the "fight or flight" respons
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| A Feedback System | show 🗑
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| Nervous System Charactersitcs | show 🗑
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| show | Mode: Blood borne, Messengers: Hormones, Release: Distant to cell of influence, Target Cells: More Widespread, Speed: Slow, Duration: Long
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| Biological Psychology | show 🗑
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| show | Brain area that recieves visual information and turns it into auditory code for the Wernicke's area to process and understand.
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| show | Identical Twins
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| show | Fraternal Twins
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| show | When who you are affects the environment, which in turn leads the environment to act back on you (i.e. crying baby)
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| show | Neurotransmitter in charge of movement, connected to the hypothalamus (also part of the body's reward center). Diseases related: Parkinson's (too little) and Schizophrenia (too much)
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| Seratonin | show 🗑
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| show | Neurotransmitter in charge of movement botox (antagonist) blocks from being relayed. Alzheimer's (deficit)
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| SSRI | show 🗑
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| show | Natural opiates and painkillers in the body (morphine, heroine) agonists
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| Brain Lesion | show 🗑
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| show | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface
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| CT Scan | show 🗑
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| MRI | show 🗑
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| show | A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain is performing a task such as movement or speech
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| Structural MRI | show 🗑
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| Functional MRI (fMRI) | show 🗑
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| Order in the Brain | show 🗑
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| show | Body Temperature, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure
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| Midbrain | show 🗑
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| Limbic | show 🗑
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| Cortical | show 🗑
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| show | The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull. This is responsible for automatic survival functions; we are least consciously aware of its processes and functions.
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| show | It is the crossover point where most nerves to and form each side of the brain connect with the body's opposite side
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| show | Help coordinate movements; lies above the medulla. The is a relay center for neural messages
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| show | A nerve network that helps control arousal. Example: This arouses you to a state of alertness when someone calls your name; severing it can cause a coma
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| show | Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas of the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. Receives information from all senses EXCEPT SMELL.
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| show | Example: Experiencing the physical pleasure of a hot shower; relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex
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| show | The "little brain" at the back of the brainstem; processes and sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance. Example: The cerebellum relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements
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| The Limbic System | show 🗑
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| show | Processes memory of new recent information and recent events
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| Amygdala | show 🗑
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| Hypothalamus Part 1 | show 🗑
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| Hypothalamus Part 2 | show 🗑
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| show | Two large hemispheres that contribute 85% of the brain's weight; it forms specialized work teams that enable our perceiving, thinking, and speaking.
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| show | The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebrum. The larger the cortex, the greater capacity for learning, thinking, and adaptability
. The body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
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| show | Involved in speaking, muscle movements, planning, and judgement
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| Parietal Lobes | show 🗑
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| show | Includes the auditory areas, each receiving information from the opposite ear.
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| Occipital Lobes | show 🗑
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| show | Areas that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.
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| Motor Cortex | show 🗑
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| Sensory Cortex | show 🗑
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| The Cortical Homunculus | show 🗑
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| The Cortical Homunculus | show 🗑
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| Werknicke's Area | show 🗑
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| Broca's Area | show 🗑
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| Producing Speech, Reading aloud, and Understanding Speech | show 🗑
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| Aphasia | show 🗑
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| show | The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area. Example: If a blind person uses one finger to read Braile, the brain area dedicated to the finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex.
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| Constraint Induced Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | The process by which neurons are generated. Recent brain research indicates that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote neurogenesis
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| show | The localization of function to the right side or left side of the brain. Example: The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere.
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| show | Information is quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by it
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| show | Suggests that genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness
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| show | A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting corpus callosum. Neurosurgeons severe the corpus callosum in human patients to reduce epileptic seizures
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| show | Language, Speech, Writing, Calculation, Time Sense, Rhythm, Ordering of Complex Movements
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| show | Nonverbal, Perceptual Skills, Visualization, Recognition of patterns, faces, and melodies. Recognition and expression of emotion, Spatial Skills, Simple Language Comprehension
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| show | Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
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| Dual Processing | show 🗑
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| show | The brainstem keeps our heart beating while the cerebral cortex maintains awareness of the outside world
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| Corpus Callosum | show 🗑
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| Glial Cells | show 🗑
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| Behaviour Genetics | show 🗑
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| Nature vs Nurture Controversy | show 🗑
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| show | The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes. The information carried in a gene is expressed as a protein. Depending on certain environmental condition specific they can be either active or inactive
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| DNA | show 🗑
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| Chromosomes | show 🗑
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| Genome | show 🗑
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| show | Originate from the fertilization of a single cell by a single sperm; share all of their genes
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| show | Originate from the fertilization of two egg cells by two sperm cells; share about only half of their genes. Compared with identical twins, they are less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar be extraversion
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| Twin Studies | show 🗑
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| show | Suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by heredity. Also suggests that emotional instability is genetically predisposed
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| DZ Twins | show 🗑
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| MZ Twins | show 🗑
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| show | Identical Twins separated at birth and reunited 38 years later. They had surprising similarities married woman of the same name and named their son and dogs the same name
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| Twin Studies Cons | show 🗑
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| Personality Traits | show 🗑
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| show | Most likely to influence the political and religious attitudes of their adopted children
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| Heritability Part 1 | show 🗑
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| Heritability Part 2 | show 🗑
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| show | Two plants are grown under the same environmental conditions, including the same soil conditions, light and water, but one grows to 2 feet tall and the other is 1 feet tall. Its 95%
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| show | Genes respond to environmental conditions, reacting to different environmental contexts in different ways.
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| Self Regulation Example | show 🗑
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| Interaction | show 🗑
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| Molecular Behaviour Geneticist | show 🗑
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| show | This person would examine chromosomal differences between a fraternal twin who experiences learning disability one doesn't
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| show | Studies the evolution of behaviour and the mind using principles of natural selection. Its study emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviours are those that have promoted reproductive success
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| Evolutionary Psychology Example | show 🗑
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| show | The reproductive advantaged enjoyed by organisms best suited to a particular environment.It acts on populations
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| show | A genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success; that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations
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| Selective Mating | show 🗑
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| show | Belyaev and Trut spent decades breeding the wild silver fox and selecting reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans. After several generations, a majority of silver foxes showed no fear of humans.
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| Mutation | show 🗑
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| Adaptation | show 🗑
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| Tendencies of Men | show 🗑
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| show | Sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than men because the birthing process is time consuming
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| Reproductive Potential | show 🗑
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| Recreational Sex | show 🗑
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| Preference | show 🗑
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| Health Preference | show 🗑
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| Mature and Affluent | show 🗑
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| show | Woman rated men higher as potential this when they spent more time more time looking at baby pictures because women prefer men who express interest in caring for joint offspring
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| show | This works backwards to propose an explanation; thus any behavior can be explained for human behaviours. It provides hindsight explanations for human behaviors
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| Evolutionary Psychology Example | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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