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Exam 2 - Intro to Sociology - Chap 6 - 10

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Question
Answer
show deviance, stigma  
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Society brings about acceptance of basic norms through techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior. This process is termed...   show
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Which sociological perspective argues that people must respect social norms if any group or society is to survive?   show
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show going along with peers.  
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show Control Theory  
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Which sociologist illustrated the boundary-maintenance function of deviance in his study of Puritans in 17th-century New England?   show
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show a. conformity b. innovation c. ritualism d. hostility - IS NOT  
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Which sociologist first advanced the idea that an individual undergoes the same basic socialization process whether learning conforming or deviant acts?   show
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show Social Disorganization Theory  
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Which of the following conducted observation research on two groups of high school males (the Saints and the Roughnecks) and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups?   show
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show Sanctions  
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Police officers, judges, administrators, employers, military officers, and managers of movie theaters are all instruments of ______________________ social control.   show
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show Laws  
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show socialization  
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show Anomie  
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Labeling theory is also called the ______________________ ______________________ approach.   show
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_____ theorists view standards of deviant behavior as merely reflecting cultural norms, whereas ______ and _____ theorists point out that the most powerful groups in a society can shape laws & standards & determine who is or not prosecuted as a criminal.   show
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Feminists contend that prostitution and some forms of pornography are not ______________________ crimes.   show
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Daniel Bell used the term ___________________ to describe the process during which leadership of organized crime was transferred from Irish Americans to Jewish Americans and later to Italian Americans and others.   show
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Consumer fraud, bribery, and income tax evasion are considered ______________________ ______________________ crimes.   show
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show Social Inequality  
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show Class consciousness  
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What three things were viewed by Max Weber as analytically distinct components of stratification?   show
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show Functionalist perspective  
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British sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf views social classes as groups of people who share common interests resulting from their authority relationships. Dahrendorf’s ideology aligns best with which theoretical perspective?   show
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show Presitge  
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Approximately how many out of every nine people in the United States live(s) below the poverty line established by the federal government?   show
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show Herbert Gans  
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show socioeconomic status  
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A plumber whose father was a physician is an example of...   show
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____________________ is the most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups.   show
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show Estate  
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show class  
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____________________ ____________________ is the term Thorstein Veblen used to describe the extravagant spending patterns of those at the top of the class hierarchy.   show
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____________________ poverty is the minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below.   show
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show Relative  
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show Underclass  
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show Life chances  
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show achieved  
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____________________ mobility involves changes in social position within a person’s adult life.   show
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show colonialism  
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In viewing the global economic system as divided between nations that control wealth and those that are controlled and exploited, sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein draws on the   show
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show Germany  
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Which sociological perspective argues that multinational corporations can actually help the developing nations of the world?   show
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Which of the following terms is used by contemporary social scientists to describe the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies?   show
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In at least 22 nations around the world, the most affluent 10 percent receives at least what percentage of all income?   show
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Karuna Chanana Ahmed, an anthropologist from India who has studied developing nations, calls which group the most exploited of oppressed people?   show
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show mestizo  
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show 48 percent  
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show maquiladoras  
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Colonial domination established patterns of economic exploitation leading to former colonies remaining dependent on more industrialized nations. Such continuing dependence and foreign domination are referred to as ____________________ .   show
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show core, semiperiphery  
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Wallerstein’s world systems analysis is the most widely used version of ____________________ theory.   show
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show global  
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As ____________________ industries become a more important part of the international marketplace, many companies have concluded that the low costs of overseas operations more than offset the expense of transmitting information around the world.   show
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show functionalist  
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show millennium project  
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show functionalist perspective  
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At the top of the color hierarchy in Mexico are the ____________________ , the 10 percent of the population who are typically White, well-educated members of the business and intellectual elites, and who have familial roots in Spain.   show
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show Borderlands  
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show d. Cultural bias  
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show African Americans  
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Racism is a form of which of what?   show
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show descrimination  
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Suppose that a workplace requires that only English be spoken, even when it is not a business necessity to restrict the use of other languages. This requirement would be an example of...?   show
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show The contact hypothesis  
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Intermarriage over several generations, resulting in various groups combining to form a new group, would be an example of   show
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show Assimilation  
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In which of the racial or ethnic groups has one teenager in every six attempted suicide?   show
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show Exploitation  
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show ascribed  
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The one-drop rule was a vivid example of the social ____________________ of race—the process by which people come to define a group as a race based in part on physical characteristics, but also on historical, cultural, and economic factors.   show
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show Stereotypes  
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show prejudice  
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show White privilege  
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____________________ ____________________ refers to positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.   show
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After the Civil War, the Southern states passed “ ____________________ ____________________ ” laws to enforce official segregation, and the Supreme Court upheld them as constitutional in 1896.   show
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In the 1960s, proponents of _______ rejected the goal of assimilation into White, middle-class society. They defended the beauty and dignity of Black and African cultures and supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.   show
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show model or ideal  
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Together, the various groups included under the general category ____________________ represent the largest minority group in the United States.   show
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From the functionalist perspective, the media can be dysfunctional in what way?   show
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show the functionalist perspective  
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show C. both a or b  
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Media advertising has several clear functions, but it also has dysfunctions. Sociologists are concerned that   show
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Gatekeeping, the process by which a relatively small number of people control what material reaches an audience, is largely dominant in all but which of the media outlets?   show
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Which sociological perspective is especially concerned with the media’s ability to decide what gets transmitted through gatekeeping?   show
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Sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld and his colleagues pioneered the study of   show
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show racial  
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show functionalist  
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show narcotizing dysfunction  
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____________________ ____________________ is the term used to describe the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.   show
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show stereotypes  
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show conflict  
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show ethnocentric  
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______ & _______ theorists are troubled that the victims depicted in violent imagery are often those who are given less respect in real life: women, children, the poor, racial minorities, citizens of foreign countries, and even the physically disabled.   show
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The ____________________ perspective examines the media on the micro level to see how they shape day-to-day social behavior.   show
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From a sociological point of view, the current controversy over privacy and media censorship illustrates the concept of ____________________ ____________________.   show
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show Marshal McLuhan  
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show The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior. (232)  
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What is Drapetomania and who came up with it?   show
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show Stratification  
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