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Exam 2 - Intro to Sociology - Chap 6 - 10

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Deviant behavior violates social norms. Some forms of ____________ carry a negative social_________, while other forms are more or less accepted.   show
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show Social Control  
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Which sociological perspective argues that people must respect social norms if any group or society is to survive?   show
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Stanley Milgram used the word conformity to mean....   show
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show Control Theory  
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show Kai Erikson  
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Which of the following is not one of the basic forms of adaptation specified in Robert Merton’s anomie theory of deviance?   show
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show Edwin Sutherland  
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Which of the following theories contends that criminal victimization increases when communal relationships and social institutions break down?   show
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show William Chambliss  
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show Sanctions  
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Police officers, judges, administrators, employers, military officers, and managers of movie theaters are all instruments of ______________________ social control.   show
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Some norms are considered so important by a society that they are formalized into ______________________ controlling people’s behavior.   show
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show socialization  
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show Anomie  
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show societal-reaction  
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_____ theorists view standards of deviant behavior as merely reflecting cultural norms, whereas ______ and _____ theorists point out that the most powerful groups in a society can shape laws & standards & determine who is or not prosecuted as a criminal.   show
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show Victimless  
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Daniel Bell used the term ___________________ to describe the process during which leadership of organized crime was transferred from Irish Americans to Jewish Americans and later to Italian Americans and others.   show
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Consumer fraud, bribery, and income tax evasion are considered ______________________ ______________________ crimes.   show
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show Social Inequality  
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In Karl Marx’s view, the destruction of the capitalist system will occur only if the working class first develops...   show
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What three things were viewed by Max Weber as analytically distinct components of stratification?   show
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show Functionalist perspective  
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British sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf views social classes as groups of people who share common interests resulting from their authority relationships. Dahrendorf’s ideology aligns best with which theoretical perspective?   show
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show Presitge  
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show One  
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Which sociologist has applied functionalist analysis to the existence of poverty and argues that various segments of society actually benefit from the existence of the poor?   show
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A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as   show
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A plumber whose father was a physician is an example of...   show
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____________________ is the most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups.   show
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In the ____________________ system of stratification, or feudalism, peasants were required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services.   show
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Karl Marx viewed ____________ differentiation as the crucial determinant of social, economic, and political inequality.   show
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____________________ ____________________ is the term Thorstein Veblen used to describe the extravagant spending patterns of those at the top of the class hierarchy.   show
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____________________ poverty is the minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below.   show
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show Relative  
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Sociologist William Julius Wilson and other social scientists have used the term ____________________ to describe the long-term poor who lack training and skills.   show
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Max Weber used the term ____________________ ____________________ to refer to people’s opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences.   show
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show achieved  
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show intragenerational  
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show colonialism  
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show conflict perspective  
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show Germany  
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Which sociological perspective argues that multinational corporations can actually help the developing nations of the world?   show
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show Modernization  
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In at least 22 nations around the world, the most affluent 10 percent receives at least what percentage of all income?   show
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Karuna Chanana Ahmed, an anthropologist from India who has studied developing nations, calls which group the most exploited of oppressed people?   show
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show mestizo  
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show 48 percent  
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show maquiladoras  
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show neocolonialism  
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According to Immanuel Wallerstein’s analysis, the United States is at the ____________________ while neighboring Mexico is on the ____________________ of the world economic system.   show
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Wallerstein’s world systems analysis is the most widely used version of ____________________ theory.   show
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____________________ factories are factories found throughout the developing world that are run by multinational corporations.   show
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As ____________________ industries become a more important part of the international marketplace, many companies have concluded that the low costs of overseas operations more than offset the expense of transmitting information around the world.   show
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show functionalist  
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In 2000 the United Nations launched the ____________________ ____________________ ; its objective is to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide by the year 2015.   show
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show functionalist perspective  
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At the top of the color hierarchy in Mexico are the ____________________ , the 10 percent of the population who are typically White, well-educated members of the business and intellectual elites, and who have familial roots in Spain.   show
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show Borderlands  
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show d. Cultural bias  
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show African Americans  
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show Prejudice  
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Suppose that a White employer refuses to hire a qualified Vietnamese American but hires an inferior White applicant. This decision is an act of...?   show
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Suppose that a workplace requires that only English be spoken, even when it is not a business necessity to restrict the use of other languages. This requirement would be an example of...?   show
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Working together as computer programmers for an electronics firm, a Hispanic woman and a Jewish man overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other’s strengths and talents. This scenario is an example of...?   show
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show amalgamation.  
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show Assimilation  
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In which of the racial or ethnic groups has one teenager in every six attempted suicide?   show
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show Exploitation  
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show ascribed  
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The one-drop rule was a vivid example of the social ____________________ of race—the process by which people come to define a group as a race based in part on physical characteristics, but also on historical, cultural, and economic factors.   show
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____________________ are unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group.   show
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show prejudice  
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show White privilege  
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show Affirmative action  
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show Jim Crow  
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In the 1960s, proponents of _______ rejected the goal of assimilation into White, middle-class society. They defended the beauty and dignity of Black and African cultures and supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.   show
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Asian americ are held up as a____ or ____minority, supposedly 'cause despite past suffering from prejudice & discrimination, they have succeeded economically, socially, & educationally without resorting to political and violent confrontations with Whites.   show
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Together, the various groups included under the general category ____________________ represent the largest minority group in the United States.   show
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From the functionalist perspective, the media can be dysfunctional in what way?   show
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show the functionalist perspective  
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There are problems inherent in the socialization function of the mass media. For example, many people worry about a. the effect of using the television as a babysitter. b. the impact of violent programming on viewer behavior. C. both a and b.   show
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Media advertising has several clear functions, but it also has dysfunctions. Sociologists are concerned that   show
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Gatekeeping, the process by which a relatively small number of people control what material reaches an audience, is largely dominant in all but which of the media outlets?   show
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Which sociological perspective is especially concerned with the media’s ability to decide what gets transmitted through gatekeeping?   show
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show opinion leaders  
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In his study of how the social composition of audience members affected how they interpreted the news coverage of riots in Los Angeles in 1992, sociologist Darnell Hunt found what kind of differences in perception?   show
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The mass media increase social cohesion by presenting a more or less standardized, common view of culture through mass communication. This statement reflects the _________________ perspective.   show
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Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton created the term______ to refer to the phenomenon in which the media provide such huge amounts of info that the audience becomes numb and generally fails to act on the information, regardless of how compelling the issue   show
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____________________ ____________________ is the term used to describe the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.   show
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show stereotypes  
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The ____________________ perspective contends that television distorts the political process.   show
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show ethnocentric  
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______ & _______ theorists are troubled that the victims depicted in violent imagery are often those who are given less respect in real life: women, children, the poor, racial minorities, citizens of foreign countries, and even the physically disabled.   show
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The ____________________ perspective examines the media on the micro level to see how they shape day-to-day social behavior.   show
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show Culture lag  
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show Marshal McLuhan  
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show The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior. (232)  
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show Samuel Cartwright made Drapetomania, some made up illness as a form of mass misinformation so that slaves would be considered mad if they tried to run away. -- Social construction  
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_________ A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. (179)   show
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