Joints
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| show | Bony, Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial
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| What is a Bony(synotosis) joint? Example? | show 🗑
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| show | Bones are joined by fibrous tissues. No joint cavity is present. The amount of movement depends on the on the length of the fibers uniting the bones.
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| show | Sutures, Gomphoses, and Syndesmoses
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| What is a suture? Example? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibers are short and allow little movement.
Example: Between tooth and bone(maxilla or mandible)
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| show | Fibers are longer and the attached bones are more movable.
Example: Between the tibia/fibula and ulna/radius
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| show | When the articulating bone ends are connected by a plate or pad of cartilage.
Types: Synchondroses and Symphyses
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| show | When bones are connected by 'Hyaline Cartilage'(articular cartilage)
Example:*The epiphyseal plates of the long bones seen in children-
*Attachment of rib to sternum by hyaline coastal cartilage.
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| What is Symphyses? Example? | show 🗑
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| show | Joints where the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid. All synovial joints are freely movable.
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| What are the two types of 'pads' found in synovial joints? Give example for each. | show 🗑
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| What are the functions of the Articular Discs and Meniscus Pads within the Synovial joints? | show 🗑
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| What is a tendon? | show 🗑
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| show | Tough dense regular collagenous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.
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| show | Fibrous sac of synovial fluid located between two muscles/or where tendons pass over bone.
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| show | 1. cushions muscle
2. helps tendons slide easily over joints(tendon sheaths)
3. can improve mechanical effect(s) of muscle.
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| show | Moves only in one plane(Monoaxial)
Example: Humeroulnar=Flexion & Extension
(can only bend in 1 direction)
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| show | Adjacent bones slide over one another(limited monoaxial movement)
Example: Joints between the carpals- intercarpals.
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| Synovial Joint: 'Pivot' and Example | show 🗑
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| show | Articular biaxial surface is shaped like a saddle. Example: carpalmetacarpal of thumb(CMC of thumb)
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| Synovial Joint: 'Condyloid/ or Ellipsoid and Example | show 🗑
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| Synovial Joint: 'Ball and Socket' and Example | show 🗑
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| show | Flexion: Bending
Extension: Straightening
Anatomical Plane: Sagittal
Example: arm, knee, humeral joint, hip
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| Abduction and Adduction/ Anatomical Position/ and Example | show 🗑
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| Lateral Rotation and Medial Rotation/ Anatomical Position/ and Example | show 🗑
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| show | Supination:Movement of palm to anterior(upward) position
Pronation: Movement of palm to posterior(downward) position.
Position: Supinated position
Example:proximal and distal radioulnar joint
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| show | Dorsiflexion: Toes flexed towards knees
Plantarflexion: Toes pointed down
Position: Sagittal Plane
Example: Talocrural Joint
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| show | Inversion: Turning foot inward
Eversion: Turning foot outward
Position: Frontal Plane
Example: Subtalar joint
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| Elevation and Depression/ Anatomical Position/ and Example | show 🗑
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| Protraction and Retraction/ Anatomical Position/ and Example | show 🗑
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| Upward/Lateral Rotation and Downward/Medial Rotation- Anatomical Position/ and Example | show 🗑
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