Ch.11&12 Learning Guide
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| maquiladora | to receive payment for grinding and processing corn
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| cottage industry | home-based manufacturing
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| coke | high-quality iron smelted with purified carbon made from coal
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| Industrial Revolution | a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
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| situation factor | involve transporting materials to a factory
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| bulk-reducing industry | an industry in which the input weighs more than the final product
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| site factor | unique characteristics of a location
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| right-to-work laws | requires a factory to maintain a so called "open-shop"
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| Fordist | or mass production
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| Post-Fordist | used to describe lean production
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| canals and railroads | two forms of transportation that grew rapidly
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| labor intensive industry | one in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute a high percentage of expenses
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| less-skilled and low-cost workers | workers that work in the textile industry
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| break-of-bulk point | location where transfer among transportion modes is possible
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| outsourcing | a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers
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| textile | a fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing
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| basic industries | industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement
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| business services | services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services
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| central place | a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from surrounding area
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| central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services
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| city-state | a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
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| clustered rural settlement | a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family e situated close to eachother and fields surround the settlement
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| consumer services | businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services
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| dispersed rural settlement | a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
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| economic base | A community's collection of basic industries
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| enclosure movement | the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller # of large farms in England during the 18th century
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| gravity model | a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the # of people in a location
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| hinterland | or market area
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| market area | the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services
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| nonbasic industries | industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
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| primate city | the largest settlement in a country, if it ha more than twice as any people as the second-ranking settlement
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| primate city rule | a pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
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| public services | services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
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| range | the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use services
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| rank-size rule | a pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
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| service | any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide that
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| settlement | a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants
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| threshold | the minimum number of people needed to support the service
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| urbanization | an increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
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| coal | the source of energyto operate ovensand the steam engines
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| chemicals | an indusrty created to bleach and dye cloth
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| food processing | essential to feed the factory workers no longer living in farms
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| perishable products | food such as bread or milk
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| ships | attractive for very long distances because the cost per kilometer is very low
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| trains | used to ship to destinations that take longer than one day to reach
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| convergence regions | primarily Eastern and Southern Europe, where incomes lag behind Europe's average
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| competitive and employment regions | primarily Western Europe's traditional core industrial areas, which have experienced substancial manufacturing job losses in recent years
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| boundary | invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory
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| city-state | a sovereign state comprimisinga city and its immediate hinterland
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| density | the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
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