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Ch11&12 Study Guide
Ch.11&12 Learning Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| maquiladora | to receive payment for grinding and processing corn |
| cottage industry | home-based manufacturing |
| coke | high-quality iron smelted with purified carbon made from coal |
| Industrial Revolution | a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods |
| situation factor | involve transporting materials to a factory |
| bulk-reducing industry | an industry in which the input weighs more than the final product |
| site factor | unique characteristics of a location |
| right-to-work laws | requires a factory to maintain a so called "open-shop" |
| Fordist | or mass production |
| Post-Fordist | used to describe lean production |
| canals and railroads | two forms of transportation that grew rapidly |
| labor intensive industry | one in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute a high percentage of expenses |
| less-skilled and low-cost workers | workers that work in the textile industry |
| break-of-bulk point | location where transfer among transportion modes is possible |
| outsourcing | a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers |
| textile | a fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing |
| basic industries | industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement |
| business services | services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services |
| central place | a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from surrounding area |
| central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services |
| city-state | a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland |
| clustered rural settlement | a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family e situated close to eachother and fields surround the settlement |
| consumer services | businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services |
| dispersed rural settlement | a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages |
| economic base | A community's collection of basic industries |
| enclosure movement | the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller # of large farms in England during the 18th century |
| gravity model | a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the # of people in a location |
| hinterland | or market area |
| market area | the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services |
| nonbasic industries | industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community |
| primate city | the largest settlement in a country, if it ha more than twice as any people as the second-ranking settlement |
| primate city rule | a pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement |
| public services | services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses |
| range | the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use services |
| rank-size rule | a pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement |
| service | any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide that |
| settlement | a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants |
| threshold | the minimum number of people needed to support the service |
| urbanization | an increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements |
| coal | the source of energyto operate ovensand the steam engines |
| chemicals | an indusrty created to bleach and dye cloth |
| food processing | essential to feed the factory workers no longer living in farms |
| perishable products | food such as bread or milk |
| ships | attractive for very long distances because the cost per kilometer is very low |
| trains | used to ship to destinations that take longer than one day to reach |
| convergence regions | primarily Eastern and Southern Europe, where incomes lag behind Europe's average |
| competitive and employment regions | primarily Western Europe's traditional core industrial areas, which have experienced substancial manufacturing job losses in recent years |
| boundary | invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory |
| city-state | a sovereign state comprimisinga city and its immediate hinterland |
| density | the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area |
Created by:
Jvaree
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